【简介】下面是小编整理的高考阅读理解和课文教学问题的设计(人教版高三英语教案教学设计)（共13篇），欢迎您阅读，希望对您有所帮助。在此，感谢网友“茗囹信”投稿本文！
seniorⅲ unit4 green world integrating skills
wildlife and garden roses 教学设计
一、教学思路：
1 . 高考阅读理解的特点是所选材料题材多样化，记叙文、说明文、议论文、应用文等特色鲜明，内容涉及科普、社会、文化、政治、经济、历史等各个方面，文章阅读量大。主要考查考生综合运用所学知识获取信息、整理信息、理解信息以及处理信息的能力。测试的主要要求是：
①．掌握所读材料的主旨和大意，以及用以说明主旨和大意的事实和细节。
②. 既能理解具体的事实，也能理解抽象的概念。
③．既能理解字面的意思，也能理解深层的含义，包括作者的态度、意图等。
④．既能理解某句，某段的含义，也能理解全篇的逻辑关系，并据此进行推理和判断。
⑤．既能根据所提供的信息去理解，也能结合中学生应有的常识去理解。
根据这五项要求，我们可将阅读理解题归纳为以下几种题型：细节理解题，词句理解题，主题、主旨题，猜测词义题，推理判断题。
2． 高考的要求就是我们平时课堂教学训练的方向。高中英语课文内容包罗万象、题材广泛、体裁各样、语言知识丰富。除了要让学生掌握英语基础知识外，我们更可以利用课文的教学，精心设计问题，按照高考的要求有针对性地对学生进行问题解答训练，提高学生的阅读速度，培养学生的阅读理解能力。
二、教材分析：
本课是第四单元综合技能部分的课文，介绍了达尔文和其他科学家关于物种的研究和他们的成果。内容涉及到遗传学和基因学的知识，文章有一定难度。是本单元主题绿色世界的一个延伸，又为本单元紧接的写作训练作铺垫。
三、教学法分析：
1、问题教学法。精心设计问题，以问题为主线，在提出问题和解决问题过程中，培养学生阅读理解能力。设疑与提问是英语教学课堂调控的常规武器。它是促进师生之间信息交流反馈，推动教学流程迅速向前拓展的重要契机。
2、“自上而下的模式”。 这是哥德曼（goodman）提出的阅读理论模式。按这个模式，阅读者在阅读过程中不是逐字、逐句地去理解，而是结合自己的预测，在文章中找出有关的信息，来验证自己的预测。由于强调整体篇章理解，在阅读时采取跳跃式搜索、猜测等方法，所以有利于培养学生快速阅读理解能力。
四、学生分析：
两个班学生基础有限，学习英语有兴趣但没功底。成绩差距较大。尤其对文章缺乏整体感知能力，对深层次问题无从下手，信息的获取和分析能力都较弱。
五、教学目标及重难点：
由于本课教学以发展学生解决问题能力为主，不设知识目标与情感目标。能力目标亦即重难点：
1、培养学生快速获取信息解决表层次问题的能力；
2、培养学生深层思考，培养信息重组、推理分析判断能力。
六、教学工具：
powerpoint 课件
七、教学步骤：
1． lead in: show two pictures on the blackboard:
ask: 1. what are they?
2. what are differences between them? why?
maybe we can find the answer to this question in our text.
(以图片导入，激发学生兴趣，让学生做比较，设疑并导入新课)
2. fast reading: open the book, read through the text. find out:
how many scientist are mentioned in the text?
(快速阅读查找相关表层次信息)
s：there are three. they are:
charles darwin gregor mendel gote turesson
t：so how many parts can we divide the text? (划分段落，整体感知)
s：four.
t: could you find the main idea of each paragraph?
学生做完这个步骤后，我总结并用幻灯打出：
part i (pa1-3): darwin and his research.
part ii (pa4-5): mendel and his experiment.
part iii (pa6): turesson and his study
part iv (pa7): the importance and significance of the research of the three
3. careful reading: (1) show a slide of a table, ask the student to read the passage again, fill in the following:
scientists research/experiment result
charles darwin
gregor mendel
gote turesson
(用图表的形式处理文章信息，既避免问题提出的形式重复，又方便学生整体快速把握文章的重点段落)
(2) (完成以上整体表层次训练后，通过幻灯片打出以下问题，再细部理解文章)
finish the following exercises:
1. what led to his writing of the famous book on the origin of species?
a. the study of physics, chemistry, and botany.
b. what he had observed on the voyage.
c. his expedition on the beagle to the galapagos.
2. why did the wildlife of the galapagos isles deserve special attention?
3. what does “these” in “of these” in para 2 mean?
4. “those” in para 2 line 4 refers to ________
a. the different islands b. the life forms c. differences d. the species
5. what was the purpose of mendel’s experiments?
a. his purpose was based on his love nature.
b. his purpose was to support the ideas concerning the influence of
environment upon plants.
c. his purpose was based on the influence of environment upon plants.
6. the research by darwin, mendel and turesson shows that______
a. genetics is more important than the environment to plants
b. genetics is less important than the environment to plants
c. both genetics and the environment are important to plants
d. neither genetics nor the environment is important to plants
7．what was darwin’s new theory according to the text?
(以上问题有深有浅，既有符合高考的细节理解题(如第1题)，词句理解题(如第3、4题)，推理判断题(如第7题)，设计时更因答案的不唯一性(如第1题bc均正确)，增加了题目的灵活性和难度。在解答过程中特别强调：
第1题：选项在文章中都有出现，但未必就是答案。题目不难，容易上当。
第2题：训练学生信息整理重组、总结归纳能力。
第3题：培养学生联系上下文准确把握词句意义，这道题目难度不大，但出奇的是学生正确率并不高。
第4题：这与第3道题是一样的，但难度较大。这两道题的题型在高考中经常出现。
第5、6题：让学生把握主旨，抓住要领，避免断章取义。
第7题：这道题很难。考查学生对文章事实的延伸理解，训练学生根据文章事实作出推理判断的能力。是一道深层次理解推理判断题。)
(3) answer the last question:
what do you think is the relationship between the title “wildlife and garden
roses” and the text?
（这个问题非常难！也是整节课的精华部分，解决分析这个问题我花了十多分钟时间。问标题和文章的关系并不新鲜，关键是这个标题用得非常好，借此我分析了高考中常考的一类题目：给文章找标题。完成这个问题既是对整篇文章的概括理解，又是对高考常考题型解题技巧的一次传授。）
wildlife shows the influence of environment while garden of roses shows the
science of genetics.
八、homework:
1. read the text.
2. learn the language points by yourselves
九：板书设计：
wildlife and garden roses
charles darwin gregor mendel gote turesson
the influence if the environment the science of genetics
十：教后反思：
1、高中英语课文应该怎么教？又要教什么？这一直让我思考。我想很多英语老师对课文当中的语言知识是绝对不会漏的，但是不是通过课文的教学培养和训练学生的阅读技巧和阅读能力了呢？也许因为时间，也许因为方法，可能落实不太好。尤其在高三，课文没有出现新的语法点，怎样通过课文的教学达到这一目的，以利学生高考，更值得我们思考。
2、提问是一门艺术，也是一种教学方法。苏联教育界倡导的一种教学方法就叫问题教学法，已成为有世界影响的教学方法之一。问题是思维的向导，合适的课堂提问，往往能把学生带入一个奇妙的问题世界，使学生积极思考问题，寻求解决问题的途径和答案，从而培养学生分析问题和解决问题的能力。布鲁斯乔伊斯说过：“教会学生独立思考，我们就给了他们自我教育的能力。” 课文教学未必要设很多的问题，但要典型；其次问题分析要透彻，分析一个问题就要教会学生一种技巧或是让学生有一次能力的锻炼。问题设计是否巧妙，问题分析是否精当，就是判断这种课好坏的依据。
温州二十二中学 高启强
a magnesium(镁) is another mineral we now get by collecting huge amount of ocean water and treating it with chemicals, although man first got it from the treatment of rocks. in a cubic mile of seawater there are about four million tons of magnesium. since the means used to get magnesium was developed about 1941, production has increased a great deal. it was magnesium that made possible the wartime growth of the plane industry, for every plane made in the united states (and in most other countries, too) has about half a ton of magnesium metal. and it has many uses in other industries where a lightweight metal is most wanted, besides its long-standing utility (效用) as a material that does not carry electricity, and its use in printing inks and medicine.
1. what was the paragraph about which this passage follows?
a. the place where magnesium was found. b. unusual qualities of magnesium.
c. a different mineral collected from seawater. d. the use of chemicals in treating seawater.
2. what is the main topic of this passage?
a. uses of seawater. b. treatment of seawater.
c. chemical qualities of magnesium. d. sources and uses of magnesium.
3. the new means of getting magnesium directly led to ______.
a. the development of using seawater b. increased plane production
c. improved medicine d. the development of cheap ink for printing
4. why is magnesium important to industry?
a. it is strong. b. it conducts(传导) heat well. c. it weighs little. d. it is inexpensive to produce.
5. during the past fifty years the demand for magnesium has _______.
a. slowed down greatly b. remained the same c. increased slightly d. risen greatly
b the sky usually looks light blue. but if you went to the top of the highest mountain, went to the top of the highest mountain, where there is less air between you and the sun to scatter the sunlight, the sky would be deep, dark blue. and if you rode in a rocket high above the earth, where there is no air at all to scatter the sunlight, the sky would be so dark that it would be black.
sometimes the sky doesn't look blue. at sunrise and sunset, the light from the sun sometimes is scattered in such a way that you see red, orange, and other colors in the sky.
1. the sky usually looks light blue because _____.
a. the sun is light and blue b. the air is light and blue
c. the air scatters the sunlight d. the sunlight is blue
2. the sky looks dark blue when _____.
a. there is less air between you and the sun b. there is high mountain
c. the mountain is highest d. you climb a mountain
3. the sky looks black if ______.
a. you ride in a rocket b. the rocket is high in the sky
c. the rocket is high above the earth d. there is no air to scatter the sunlight
4. sometimes the sky doesn't look blue because ______.
a. the sun is rising b. the sun is setting
c. the air has different colors d. the light from the sun is scattered in a different way
5. a good title for this passage would be _______.
a. the sky looks blue b. why the sky looks colorful
c. the beautiful sunlight d. something about the air
c more and more often we heard of people talking about karaoke(卡拉ok). but what on earth it is about, still remains a question for many people.
karaoke is a sort of acoustic equipment(音响设备) which was invented in japan around the middle of the 1970's. it means “a band without people” in japanese. in fact, it is just a music tape without words. this equipment first appeared in some public houses and snack bars (快餐店), and mainly for the customers to enjoy themselves. most of the music in karaoke was popular music. therefore, at times, when anyone felt like it, he might sing songs to the accompaniment (伴奏) of the music that came from the equipment.
shortly after its invention, karaoke was spread (流传) to the whole world. it was introduced to china and was welcomed by many people. although you are not a good singer, or even sometimes you may sing out of tune, you can always enjoy yourself by singing karaoke.
1. in this passage “band” means “group of persons ________.”
a. who play games on the sports ground b. who play music together
c. living in the same neighbourhood d. doing things together under a leader and with a common purpose
2. karaoke is just a ______
a. cassette tape with only music b. cassette tape recorder
c. band from japan d. voice recording equipment
3. people went to public houses and snack bars ______when karaoke appeared.
a. to have a good time b. to have something to drink
c. to get something to eat d. to buy the equipment
4. karaoke was spread to the whole world ________.
a. as soon as it was invented b. long before c. not long after it was invented d. before long
5. the main idea of this passage is ______.
a. all persons like to play karaoke b. to introduce karaoke to the people
c. karaoke is a wonderful equipment d. karaoke is used everywhere including snack bars
d beijing's sky watchers will no doubt be excited when they see with their own eyes a bright comet (彗星) all night long. comet c/ b2 (hyakutake) was first observed by hyakutake, a japanese amateur astronomer, on january 30, 1996. it can be seen with the naked eyes over china, europe and other northern areas as nightly through the last week of march and first ten days of april. on march 25, it was closed to the earth--about 15 million kilometres or one-seventh the distance between the earth and the sun.
what is more exciting is that there will be two more rare events in the sky, it is predicted (预言) that another comet, hale-bopp, found on july 23, 1995, by americans alan hale and thomas bopp, is expected to pass over the northern part of heilongjiang province in march . the comet, estimated to be 10x15 kilometres in size, will not return for 3000 years.
what is even more rare is that a total solar eclipse(日蚀) is expected to occur on march 9, 1997, over mongolia, siberia and northern heilongjiang province. when the sky turns dark, people should be able to see the eclipse and the bright comet hale-bopp at the same time.
an observation trip to mohe, heilongjiang province, is being organized for the march1997 sky events, as well as a nationwide astro-photo competition.
march 29-31, 1996 weekend
1. beijing sky watchers will be excited because _______.
a. they have observed a comet by themselves
b. they expect to see the comet found by a japanese amateur astronomer through telescope
c. they expect to see with their naked eyes the comet found by hyakutake
d. they will see a comet through a telescope for the first time
2. the two more exciting and rare sky events will occur in march, l997 are ______.
a. comet hale-bopp and comet hyakutake b. a comet and a lunar eclipse
c. a comet found by two americans and a solar eclipse d. a solar eclipse and comet hyakutake
3. which of the following statements is not true?
a. comet hale-bopp and comet hyakutake will pass over the northern part of heilongjiang province in 1997. b. march 25 was supposed to be the best time to observe comet hyakutake.
c. a total solar eclipse will occur in mongolia.
d. a nationwide astro-photo competition will be organized in march, 1997.
4. according to the newspaper article we learn that hyakutake ______.
a. is an expert in astronomy b. works as an astronomer
c. has a great interest in astronomy d. is made to observe comets in the sky
e collecting coins (or numismatics to the more seriously minded) is one of the world's popular hobbies. although you can begin collecting coins at any age, most mumismatists will recall their hobby being stimulated in childhood. my interest was kindled as a ten-year-old child when i was presented with a small tin of old coins by the boyfriend of an elder sister. i wasn't rich all of a sudden but i was certainly impressed by possessing objects that were so many times older than myself. such is the fascination of coins for old and young alike.
many people are astonished to hear that coins issued before the birth of christ-representing sixty generations of human life--can be bought for just a few dollars. owning something which has literaly passed through the hands of so many of our ancestors (祖先) is instantly appealing. when such a coin is not only rare but beautiful, it is not surprising that collectors will pay thousands of dollars to own it. australia's own coins, although so much more recent than, say, roman coins, can still be very valuable. for example, in march 1992 an australian 1920 sovereign was sold for $287,000 at a london auction.
coins speak to us from the past. if we care to study them we can learn more about how our ancestors used to think. but perhaps most interestingly, we can discover how people dealt with one another. basically, coins represent the value put upon objects which we own and want to trade, now or at some future date. we can call this complex system currency(货币).australia, like few other countries in the world, can trace its history through its currency.
1. the word closest in meaning to “was kindled” as it is used in the passage is ____.
a. begin b. dived c. filled d. went
2. if something is “instantly appealing” it is ______.
a. wildly exciting b. immediately pleasing c. invariably interesting d. strangely curious
3. australia's coins can be valuable even though _______.
a. they have been passed down through generations b. they are not very old
c. the currency has changed d. the currency system is complex
4. the author feels that numismatics goes beyond mere collecting as it offers the hobbyist _____.
a. an understanding of the past b. eventual wealth
c. opportunities for overseas travel d. the chance to collect extremely old coins
5. according to the passage which of the following statements is true?
a. coin collecting has always been an expensive hobby.
b. numismatics appeals to both children and adults.
c. coins were not issued before the birth of christ.
d. australia is unique in that it can trace its history through coins.
f like most people your intelligence (智力) changes from season to season. you are probably a lot sharper in the spring than you are at any other time of the year. a well-known scientist, ellsworth huntington, concluded from other men's work and his own among peoples in different climates(气候) that climate and temperature have a clear effect on our intelligence.
he found that cool weather is much better for creative (创造性) thinking than warm weather. this does not mean that all people are not so quick at learning in the summer as they are during the rest of the year. it does mean, however, that the intelligence of large numbers of people seems to be lowest in the summer.
spring appears to be the best period of the year for thinking. one reason may be that in the spring man's intelligence is effected by the same factors (因素) that bring about great changes in all nature.
autumn is the next-best season, then winter. as for summer, it seems to be a good time to take long holidays from thinking!
1. huntington decided that climate and temperature have _____.
a. some effect on most people's intelligence
b. a great effect on everyone's intelligence
c. a great effect on the intelligence of those living in a hot climate
d. a deep effect on the intelligence of those living in a hot climate
2. one possible reason why spring is the best period for thinking is that ______.
a. it is the first season of the year b. it lasts longer than the other seasons
c. it has more sunny days than rainy days d. it is good for the growth of all nature
3. we may conclude that huntington ________.
a. invented many things after he had drawn the conclusion
b. joined some other men research work
c. drew the conclusion only from his own experience
d. got support his work from peoples in different climates
4. which of the following is the right order from the worst period to the best period of the year for
thinking? a. summer--winter--autumn--spring. b. spring--autumn--winter--summer.
c. summer--autumn--winter--spring. d. spring--summer--autumn--winter.
5. which title best gives the main idea of the passage?
a. the seasons of the year. b. climate and temperature.
c. intelligence and the seasons. d. great changes in nature.
g for thousands of millions of years the moon has been going round the earth. during this time, the moon has been the only satellite of the earth. today, however, the earth has many other satellites all made by man. these man-made satellites are very much smaller than the moon. however, some of them will still be going round the earth thousands of years from now.
man-made satellites do not fall because they are going too fast to do so. as they speed along, they tend(倾向) to go straight off into space. they pull out of the earth, or its gravity, which keeps them from doing this. as a result, they travel in an orbit round the earth.
if a man-made satellite travels about a certain height, it can keep going on and on round the earth, just like the moon. this is because it is above the atmosphere, and there is nothing to slow it down. if it travels lower than that it will be slowed down so much that it will fall to the earth.
men have sent spaceship to the moon and to the two nearest planets mars (火星) and venus (金星). by putting a camera on board of the spaceship to the moon, men have been able to take photographs of the other side of the moon. this side is always hidden from us as the moon circles the earth. the photos were later transmitted(传送) by radio to the earth. they showed that the other side of the moon is very much the same as the side that is turned towards us.
1. the moon is ______ the other satellites of the earth in size. a. much smaller than b. much bigger than c. less bigger than d. as big as
2. man-made satellites travel in an orbit round the earth because _____.
a. they travel at a high speed b. they are very light in weight
c. the earth's gravity keeps them from going straight off into space d. both a and c
3. if a man-made satellite travels in the atmosphere, it will _______.
a. go straight off into space b. fall to the earth c. circle the earth forever d. both a and c
4. photos show that the side of the moon hidden from us is _____ the side facing us.
a. brighter than b. different from c. the same as d. more beautiful than
5. we can only see one side of the moon because _______.
a. the moon has no gravity b. the moon keeps going round the earth
c. the moon goes side by side with the earth d. we haven't put a camera on board of the spaceship 新闻a guangzhou (xinhua)--12 people were killed and 20 injured early yesterday morning when they jumped from a burning train car into the path of an oncoming goods train in southern china.
when no. 247 wuchang--guangzhou passenger train was passing the dayaoshan tunnel (隧道) in guangdong province, south china at 00 ：17 hours yesterday, a fire caused by passengers' smoking broke out on no. 17 car. they wanted to extinguish(扑灭) fire. as the train stopped some frightened passengers jumped from windows.
12 people were crushed to death and 20 others injured by a northward passing goods train(no. 1766).
1. in which direction did the passenger train travel? a. norhtward. b. southward. c. eastward. d. westward.
2. when did the accident happen?
a. at 00:17 am. b. at 00:17 pm. c. at seventeen past one. d. at seventeen to one.
3. where did the accident happen?
a. in wuchang. b. in guangzhou. c. in hubei. d. in guangdong.
4. for what did the passenger train stop?
a. to put out the fire. b. to let the passengers jump out.
c. to let the other train pass. d. to pick up some other passengers.
5. what was the cause of the fire?
a. a heavy rain. b. high temperature. c. carelessness. d. fear.
b * zhu to attend asem in london
china's new premier, zhu rongji is to
attend the second asia-europe meeting
(asem) and visit britain and france
between march 31 and april 7 in his first
foreign trip since taking office.
--page 2
* laid-off (下岗 ) workers
beijing will take measure to help the
city's laid-off workers find new jobs this
year.
-- page 3
* family reform
china daily carries a commentary (评论)
on family planning policy, which is crucial
(关系重大) to the country's future.
--page 4
* banking reform
the shanghai branch of the people's
bank of china is preparing to initiate
（开始着手）a series of reforms to improve
services.
-- page 5
* education reform
a complete reform in chinese language
teaching is called for in primary and
secondary education.
--page 9
* healthy old man
two chinese world war ii pilots keep
healthy in their 80s through regular
exercise programmes.
--page 10
1. the above section may possibly appear on _____ of china daily.
a. page 3 b. page 1 c. page 4 d. page 5
2.. from the headline we expect there will be _____ job chances for laid-off workers in beijing this year.
a. fewer b. enough c. more d. no
3. premier zhu will go to europe to ______.
a. attend asem in paris b. visit britain and france from march to april
c. have his first foreign tripd. attend the meeting and pay an official visit to britain and france as well
4. we can infer(推断) that chinese language teaching in primary and secondary schools at
present _______. a. is satisfactory b. meets the demand of the society
c. needs improvement d. interests students
c are you interested in the following courses? please read them and make a decision soon.
a. understanding computers
this twelve-hour course is for people who do not know very much about computers but who need to learn about them. you will learn what computers are, what they can and can't do, and how to use them.
course fee(费): $75 jan. 7, 14, 21, 28 sat. 9-11:50 a.m. equipment fee: $10.
joseph saunders is professor of computer science at new urban university. he has over twelve years of experience in the computer field.
b. stopping smoking
do you want to stop smoking? have you already tried to stop it but failed? now is the time to stop smoking using the latest methods. you can stop smoking, and this twelve-hour course will help you do it.
course fee: $30jan. 4, 11, 18, 25 mon. 4-7p.m.
dr. john goode is a practising psychologist (心理学家 ) who has helped hundreds of people stop smoking.
c. typing(打字)
this course is for those who want to learn to type, as well as those who want to make their typing better. the course is individualized(单独授课). you are tested in the first class and begin practising at one of eight different skill levels. this allows you to learn at your own speed. each program lasts 20 hours. bring your own paper.
course fee: $125 materials fee: $25
two hours each evening for two weeks. new classes begin every two weeks.
this course is taught by a number of best business education teachers who have successfully taught typing courses before.
1. the typing course is for
a. beginners b. skilled typists c. unskilled persons d. both a and c
2. if one wants to learn basic computer program, he must pay
a. $75 $10 b. $50 $10 c. $30 $25 d. $35 $25
3. everyone taking a typing course can _____.
a. work at his own speed b. type fast
c. learn much more than the others d. begin practising at the same level
d dear editor,
you can find language pollution whenever you open a newspaper or turn on your tv set, listen to a popular song at various advertisements. language pollution exists almost everywhere and can be seen in the following places:
1. chinese characters are written in the complex(复杂的 ) form. although simplified (简化的) chinese characters were accepted for use many years ago, it seems that more and more people like chinese characters written in the complex form.
2. many goods are produced in china but carry foreign names, which sound strange and have no meaning at all.
3. words and expressions being used have a bad meaning. “ba”(霸), which means bully in chinese, is one example. now there are a lot of goods, restaurants, even factories or firms, with “ba” in their names.
4. there are too many incorrect grammatical expressions. some films have strange names and incorrect grammatical structures(结构). “al ni mei shang liang', which means ”i love you without consulting“, is grammatically incorrect and this kind of expression is now becoming popular.
some language experts point out that language pollution must be done away with, which
is an idea shared by myself and many others. fan yongqian, shanxi
1. the writer of the letter suggests that ______.
a. something be done to make our language pure (纯正)
b. the chinese language not have the word ”ba“
c. everything have a good name and a good meaning
d. everybody try their best to stop pollution
2. what the writer wants to say is that ____.
a. great difference exists between the chinese characters written in the complex form and simplified
form
b. our newspapers, tv programs, pop songs and advertisements are getting polluted
c. many people agree with the experts on language pollution in china
d. some film writers haven't studied chinese grammar
3. the expression ”do away with“ in the last paragraph means ”_______“.
a. clean b. recycle c. get away d. end
4. what do you guess fan yongqian is? he or she probably is _____.
a. a language expert b. a singer of pop songs c. a reader d. an expert of grammar
5. choose the best title for the passage.
a. more attention to grammar b. pollution of our language
c. experts' good advice d. films with strange names
e a help wanted advertisement female clerk wanted
interesting & rewarding position in lee garden hotel, aged 20-22, at least 2-year working experience, salary according to experience will be between rmb 500 yuan and rmb 800 yuan per month. transport can be provided from town centre. 5 days-40 hours/week plus other fringe benefits including shopping discount. please contact miss li at 8491879.
1. according to the advertisement, lee garden hotel wants to employ
a. women clerks who have been working for at least two years
b. men clerks aged from twenty to twenty-two
c. university graduates aged 20-22 d. middle school leavers aged between twenty and twenty-two
2. the employees in lee garden hotel have to work ______.
a. from morning till night b. all day long without a rest
c. from monday to friday d. from monday to saturday
3. the newly-employed clerks ______ to be paid 500 yuan and 800 yuan monthly.
a. are considered b. are suggested c. are promised d. are allowed
f many people think it is safer to fly in a plane around the world than to cross a busy city
street. flying accidents are not very common; so when an air accident happens, the
newspapers put it on the front page. look at the newspaper headline below:
girl falls 3000 metres--and lives to tell the story!
1. according to the writer, why is an air accident usually reported on the front page of the newspaper?
a. because flying accidents happen more often than car accidents.
b. because air accidents rarely happen in our daily life.
c. because flying is more dangerous than driving. d. driving is more safer than flying.
2. which of the following is not true?
a. the girl was 3000 metres up in the air before the accident happened.
b. the girl told the story about the accident to the news reporter.
c. the girl was the only passenger on board the plane who was alive after the accident.
d. the girl was so lucky that she was not killed in the accident.
a.ccdcd b.caddb c.baacc d.ccac e. ababb f. bddac g. bdbcb
a. badac b. bcdc c. daa d. acdcb e. acc f. bb
第一课
一、试卷分析
近几年的nmet的阅读理解考项中总有一些考题要测试考生根据上下文和构词法知识猜 出生词词义或旧词具有新意的能力。例如：
1. which of the following words can take the place of the word ”career“ in the first paragraph ? (92)
2. the word ”he“ in the last sentence refers to ______.[nmet92 80]
3. the word ”yielded“ in the last sentence means _______. [nmet93 73]
4. the underlined phrase ”make out“ in the first paragraph means ______. [nmet94 70]
5. the underlined words ”geothermal energy“ in the third paragraph mean ___. [nmet94 78]
6. the underlined word ”family“ in the second paragraph means _____. [nmet95 71]
7. the underlined word ”they“ in the last sentence of the first paragraph refers to ____ [nmet96 59]
8. the underlined word ”leg“ in ”bicycle tour and race“ probably means _____. [nmet96 68]
9. the underlined phrase ”figure out“ in the text means _____. [nmet97 54]
10. the underlined word ”one“ refers to _____. [nmet97 68]
11. ”act your age“ means people should _____. [nmet97 69]
12. the words ”youth summit“ refer to ______. [nmet98 55]
13. when the writer says ”dick spivak is just an ordinary man“, he means _____. [nmet98 58]
14. what did cory luxmoore mean when he said ”i'm on high“? [nmet99 55]
15. the underlined word ”it“ in the second paragraph refers to the idea that computertowns (99)
16.”professional work“ used in the text means _______. [nmet99 69]
17. which of the following can be used in place of ”quite the reverse“?[nmet 61]
18. spundels and ballalators are used in the text to refer to _________.[nmet2000 65]
由此可见，高考对考生推测词义的能力是非常重视的。这就要求我们在阅读时要通过上下文交代的内容做出合乎逻辑的推理。在必要时，做些语法分析，通过词与词的关系，确定其词性；有时根据常识和生活经验或构词法知识，完全可以对那些从未见过的生词的词义做出正确的推测。
一般说来，这种题型的题干部分总含有mean, refer to的字样。做这种题时，特别要注意的是，对于那些我们熟悉的词千万不要妄自、草率下结论，一定要结合上下文判断它在文中的意思。例如95年的71题：the underlined word ”family“ in the second paragraph means _____.
a. home b. children c. wife and husband d. wife and children
”family“是我们很熟悉的词了，意为“家庭”，但以这个意思理解family的话，我们就无法选择答案了。但是，如果我们结合上下文“the baker, with his wife and family, was able to get out through a window in the roof.”就很容易看出family其实指的是”children子女“，所以答案应该是b。
因此，考生不仅要知道常用词的意思，更要知道其灵活变化的意思。 在阅读理解测试中，常见的考查这种技能的题型有：
1． the word ”...“ in line ... most nearly means _____.
2． the word ”...“ in line ... probably means _____.
3． in line ..., the word ”...“ refers to _____.
4． in line ..., the word ”...“ could best be replaced by which of the following?
5． the word ”...“ as used in line ... in this passage means _____.
6． the word ”...“ as used in line ... is closest in meaning to ____.
7． in line ..., ”...“ could properly be replaced by ____.
8． by ”...“, the author means _____.
二、基本训练
in america, where labor costs are so high, ”do-it-yourself“ is a way of life. many people repair their own cars, build their own garages, even remodel their own houses. soon they may also be writing their own books. in hollywood there is a company that publishes children's books with the help of computers. although other book companies also publish that way, this particular company is very unusual.it ”personalizes“ the books by having computer make the reader the leading character in the story. here is how they do it. let us say your child is named jenny. she lives on oak drive in st. louis, has a dog named spot, a cat named tabby, and three playmates whose names are betsy, sandy, and jody. the computer uses this information to fill out a story that has already been prepared and illustrated（配上插图）. the story is then printed with standard equipment as a hard- cover book. a child who receives such a book might say, ”this book is about me.“ therefore the company calls itself the ”me- books publishing company“. children like the me- books because they like to see in print their own names and the namesof their friends and pets. but more important, ”personalization“ had been found to be an important tool in developing enthusiasm for reading.
question: here ”fill out a story“ means ______.
a. complete a story b. make full a story
c. tell a story d. invent a story
三、高考实战 （高考阅读试题）
we walked in so quietly that the nurse at the desk didn't even lift her eyes from the book. mum pointed at a big chair by the door and i knew she wanted me to sit down. while i watched mouth open is surprise, mum took off her hat and coat and gave them to me to hold. she walked quietly to the small room by the lift and took out a wet mop. she pushed the mop past the desk and as the nurse looked up, mum nodded and said, ”very dirty floors. “
”yes, i'm glad they've finally decided to clean them, “the nurse answered. she looked at mum strangely and said, ”but aren't you working late?“
mum just pushed harder, each swipe(拖一下)of the mop taking her farther and farther down the
hall. i watched until she was out of sight and the nurse had turned back to writing in the big book.
after a long time mum came back. her eyes were shining. she quickly put the mop back and took
my hand. as we turned to go out of the door, mum bowed politely to the nurse and said, ”thank you.“
outside, mum told me, ”dagmar is fine. no fever. “
”you saw her, mum?“
”of course. i told her about the hospital rules, and she will not expect us until tomorrow. dad will
stop worrying as well. it's a fine hospital. but such floors! a mop is no good. you need a brush.“
51. when she took a mop from the small room what mum really wanted to do was .
a. to clean the floor b. to please the nurse
b. to see a patient d. to surprise the story-teller
52. when the nurse talked to mum she thought mum was a .
a. nurse b. visitor
c. patient d. cleaner
53. after reading the story what can we infer about the hospital?
a. it is a children's hospital.
b. it has strict rules about visiting hours.
c. the conditions there aren't very good.
d. the nurses and doctors there don't work hard.
54. from the text we know that dagmar is most likely
a. the story-teller's sister b. mum's friend
c. the story-teller's classmate d. dad's boss
55. which of the following words best describes mum?
a. strange b. warm-hearted
c. clever d. hard-working
when you want to see if a library has the book you want, you can use the catalogue(目录)in the
library. most catalogues of books in a library take the form of small cards kept in boxes. one way of arranging(排列)the cards is in abc order by the family names of the writers.
catalogue cards usually give the following important information:(1)the name of the writer, (2)the
shelf-mark(架号), that is, the dewey number which helps people to find where the books are, (3)the title of the book, (4)the year of publication and the publisher, and (5) the number of pages in the book.
56. if you know the title of a book and want to find out if it is in the catalogue, what else do you need to
know?
a. the shelf-mark. b. the name of the writer.
c. the dewey number. d. the year of publication.
57. which of the following is the kind of catalogue card described in the text?
most animals have little connection with animals of a different kind, unless they hunt them for
food. sometimes, however, two kinds of animals come together in a partnership(伙伴关系)which does good to both of them. you may have noticed some birds sitting on the backs of sheep. this is not because they want a ride, but because they find easy food in the parasites (寄生虫)on sheep. the sheep allow the birds to do so because they remove the cause of discomfort. so although they can manage without each other, they do better together.
sometimes an animal has a plant partner. the relationship develops until the two partners cannot
manage without each other. this is so in the corals(珊瑚)of the sea. in their skins they have tiny plants which act as ”dustman“, taking some of the waste products from the corals and giving in return oxygen which the animal needs to breathe. if the plants are killed, or are even prevented from light so that they cannot live normally, the corals will die.
58. some birds like to sit on a sheep because .
a. they can eat its parasites
b. they depend on the sheep for existence
c. they enjoy travelling with the sheep
d. they find the position most comfortable
59. the underlined word ”they“ in the last sentence of the first paragraph refers to.
a. birds and parasites b. birds and sheep
c. parasites and sheep d. sheep, birds and parasites
60. it can be learnt from the text that the coral depends on the plant for .
a. comfort b. light
c. food d. oxygen
61. what does the second paragraph mainly discuss?
a. some animals and plants depend on each other for existence.
b. some animals and plants develop their relationship easily.
c. some plants depend on each other for food.
d. some animals live better together.
in the 19th century england people liked to go to the seaside. in those days, ladies wore long
bathing dresses, and men wore bathing suits. women did not walk about on the beach(沙滩) in their bathing dresses. they hired a bathing machine. a bathing machine was used for changing in, and for taking the bather down to the sea. it cost 2 pence(便士) to hire a machine and an attendant(侍者). when she had paid, the bather climbed up the back steps and got into the bathing machine. then she changed into her bathing dress. when she had changed, the machine was pulled down to the sea. the bathing machine stopped in the water and the bather went down the front steps into the water. if she did not want to get into the sea, the attendant pulled her in.
62. a 19th century english lady bathing in the sea would wear something like:
63. who used the bathing machine?
a. women bathers.
b. both men and women bathers.
c. bathers who couldn't swim.
d. bathers who couldn't walk.
64. a bathing machine was mainly used for .
a. giving the bather a pleasure ride on the beach
b. giving the bather some exercise before getting into the water
c. protecting the bather from catching cold from the sea wind
d. protecting the bather from being seen in a bathing dress out of water
65. in 19th century people who used the bathing machine usually did the following things. which is
the right order for doing them?
a. changing into bathing clothes b. getting out of the bathing machine
c. paying 2 pence d. getting into the bathing machine
e. being taken down the beach f. getting into the water
a. e, d, a, b, f, c b. c, d, a, e, b, f
c. c, d, e, a, b, f c. d, a, e, b, f, c
events(赛事)
bicycle tour(旅行)and race
a bike tour and race will be held on august 26 and 27(sat. & sum. ). at 5:30am, the riders will
leave tian'anmen square and ride the first 35 kilometres as a training leg. then the next 55 kilometre leg, from yanjiao to jixian, will be the first competitive(竞争性的)part of the tour. the riders and their bikes will then be taken from jixian to changli.
the second racing leg of the tour will be from changli to the seaside of nandaibe, covering a
distance of 20 kilometres. saturday night includes the stay at nandaihe and supper. sunday morning is free for play at the seaside. at noon all the people and their bikes will be taken back to beijing.
cost:200 yuan telephone:4675027
brazilian footballers
the brazilian football club will play beijing guo'an team at the workers stadium on august 26.
the club has four national team players . also coming is 1994 us world cup star romario who has promised to play for at least 45 minutes.
ticket prices:60,100,150 yuan
time/date:4:30 pm, august 26(sat. ) telephone:5012372
rock climbing
the third national rock climbing competition will be held on august 26-27 at the huairou
mountain-climbing training base. more than 10 teams from beijing, wuhan, dalian, jilin and other places will take part in it. a japanese team will give an exhibition climbing. free for spectators(观众).
take a long-distance bus from dongzhimen to huairou.
time/dates:9-12 am, august 26 and 27
telephone:7143177, 7144850, wang zhenghua
66. the main purpose of announcing the above events is to give information about .
a. visiting teams b. famous players
c. things to do for the weekend d. prices to pay for the sports events
67. if you take part in the bike tour, you will ride for .
a. 35 kilometres b. 55 kilometres
c. 75 kilometres d. 110 kilometres
68. the underlined word ”leg“ in ”bicycle tour and race“ probably means .
a. race b. practice
c. part of the training d. part of the tour
69. what is special about the rock climbing competition?
a. a foreign team takes part in it.
b. you can watch it without paying.
c. you don't have to be a sportsman to take part.
d. the bus trip to the place of the competition is free.
70. if you want to find something to do for saturday afternoon, which telephone number will you call?
a. 4675027 b. 7143177
c. 5012372 d. 7144850
四、能力测试
building a house costs quite a lot of money. suppose you plan to build a house. your first step will be to find a right piece of land. your choice will depend on many different things. you will probably try to find a sunny place, with pleasant surroundings（环境）near shops and bus stops, not too far from your friends and the place where you work.
next you will find an excellent builder, and together with the builder you will work out a plan. the builder will draw the plan. it will show the number of rooms, their position and size, and other parts which must be noticed, such as windows, doors, and electric outlets. the builder will work out how much money is needed to build your house. he will work out the cost of the wood, bricks, the glass, and everything else that must be used in building the house. later on, when he starts to build, this estimate（预算）must be corrected and revised（修正. his estimate is based on existing prices, but prices of such things may change, and many other things may happen between the time when he makes the estimate and the time when he builds the house.
when the builder gives his estimate, you may wish to change your plan. (you may also wish to change your builder, if his estimate is too high!) you may find that some of the features（特征）you wanted as first cost too much, or that you can spend a little more and add something to your plan. the builder's estimate depends on the plan, but the final plan depends on the builder's estimate.
1． the best title of this passage is _____.
a. building a house costs much money
b. estimate is important
c. planning a house
d. depend on the builder
2． the first thing for a person to build a house is _____.
a. to get as much money as possible
b. to find a suitable piece of land
c. to work out a plan
d. to make an estimate
3． after choosing the best place to build the house, the following things for a person to build
a house are to _______.
a. work out a plan
b. find an excellent builder and work out a plan
c. make an estimate
d. both b and c
4． the phrase（短语）”draw a plan“ in this passage means _______.
a. making a picture of a building or a room
b. making a plan
c. working out a plan
d. pulling a picture out of a room
5． when the builder starts to build a house, his estimate will have to be corrected and revised because __
a. it is wrongly worked out by a workman
b. the future owner of the house thinks the estimate is so high that he cannot afford the building
c. the prices of building materials and the expenses(费用) of labor may be different from
the original prices and expenses
d. estimates are usually mistaken in the beginning
6． what is the relationship（关系）between the estimate and the plan?
a. the plan depends on the estimate.
b. the estimate depends on the plan.
c. the plan has nothing to do with the estimate.
d. the estimate and the plan depend on each other
第二课
一、技巧解疑
猜测词义的能力不光在考试时很重要，就连我们平时阅读英语文章时也很用得着哦。就象我
们在看中文的文章时，并不是一碰到生词就去查字典，而是根据语境去猜测生词的。我们读英语文章时，也应养成这样的习惯和能力。
要想提高猜测词义的能力，我们可从以下七个方法下意识地进行阅读。
1． 根据定义或解释说明猜测生词的词义
在be，be called，call等判断词出现的判断句中，可根据已知部分，猜测生词的含义。如：
1）a mosquito is a small flying pest that thrust the skin and then drink blood.
2）a person who is skilled at making or repairing wooden objects is called a carpenter.
你能猜出斜体部分单词的意思吗？mosquito是“蚊子”，carpenter是“木匠”。不难吧？
有时，我们还可根据定语从句或同位语对其修饰的先行词的词义做出推测。例如：
his uncle is a zoologist, an expert who does research on animals. 不难猜出，zoologist动物学家”
当看到文中的破折号“-”时，我们也应该留点神，因为它也可引出起解释说明作用的同位语或具有同义的短语或从句。如： some organizations of united nations prefer to take on polyglots as their workers-those who can understand as well as speak many languages. 这里，polyglot指的是“懂而且会说多种语言的人”。
2． 根据对比关系猜测生词的词义
在but，however，yet，otherwise，though这些表示意义转折的连词出现的句子中，其前后的词有明显的对比关系。根据已知的内容，通过这种对比关系，就很容易猜出生词的词义了。如：
1）though tom's face has been washed quite clean, his neck still remains grubby. grubby是什么意思呢？和clean相对，便是“肮脏的”了。
2）john usually wastes a lot of money on such useless things；his wife, however, is very thrifty.
和wastes a lot of money相对比，thrifty就是“节俭的”意思。
3． 通过因果关系猜测词义
because，since与as是连结原因状语从句的从属连词，so是连结表示结果的并列句的连词，so...that与such...that中的that是连结结果状语从句的。当这些信息词出现在有生词的句中，通过因果关系，依据已知部分，就能猜出生词的词义。例如：
1） she wanted the hairdresser to trim her hair a bit because it was too long. 根据后边的原因，我们就可推测出trim就是“修剪”的意思。right? ok, it's your turn.看看你能否正确猜出下句中斜体词的意思。
2） the river is so turbid that it is impossible to see the bottom even when it is shallow.
根据that引导的结果状语从句，可以猜出，turbid的意思是“浑浊的”。你猜对了吗？
4． 根据生活常识猜测词义
运用逻辑推理能力，自身的生活经验及生活常识，根据上下文能读懂的部分，可以正确猜出词义。下面文字中斜体单词的词义你能猜出来吗？
1） birds fly with their wings, and they pick up their foods, and then eat them with their beaks and they use their claws for tearing, seizing, pulling or holding objects.
2）most of the roses are beginning to wither because of the cold. 句子的已知部分和我们的常识告诉我们： wings是“翅膀”；beaks是“喙”；claws是“爪子”；wither表示“枯萎”。
5． 根据同等关系猜测词义
同等关系，指的是一个词，一组词或短语在句中作同一成分，而且它们的词义都属于同一范畴。明显的标志是，这样的词组或短语中间常常用并列连词and或or来连接。例如：
1） at forty-two he was in his prime and always full of energy.
2） are people born intelligent or stupid?
你能根据同等关系猜出斜体词的意思吗？从“年龄42岁”以及与prime具有同等关系的full of energy，可以猜出prime的意思是“盛年时期”。从选择连词or“还是”以及与intelligent处于同等位置的stupid“愚蠢的”可以猜测intelligent是“聪明的”意思。
6． 根据列举的事例猜测词义
如：you can take any of the periodicals: the world of english, foreign language teaching in schools, or english learning. 从后面列举的例子可以猜出periodical是“期刊，杂志”的意思。
7． 根据构词法知识猜测词义
根据学过的构词法知识，知道词根和前缀或后缀的意义，就可猜出由它们组成的新词词义。
如： the colors of hawaii in summer are unforgettable. 根据构词法和我们已熟悉的词forget，我们可以知道unforgettable就是“令人难忘的”意思。
二、基本训练
猜测各句中黑体显示的生词词义
1． archaeology is the study of the buried remains of ancient times, such as houses, pots, tools and
weapons. a. 地理学 b. 生态学 c. 心理学 d. 考古学
2． this strict officer is a martinet, a person who demands total obedience（服从）to rules, discipline
and orders.
a. 专制的人 b. 软弱的人 c. 强硬的人 d. 要求严格服从纪律和命令的人
3． though mr. smith has been general manager for just 3 months, he has already made much
greater achievements than his predecessors.
a. 上级b. 前任c. 同事d. 下级
4． the football game was getting more and more exciting, however, the old lady was still as dozy
as she usually was.
a. 昏昏欲睡的b. 亢奋的 c. 欣喜若狂的 d. 麻木的
5． all his attempts to unlock the door was futile, because he was using the wrong key.
a. 成功的b. 徒劳的c. 有效的d. 匆促的
6． she did not hear what you said because she was completely engrossed in her reading.
a. 心不在焉的b. 紧张的 c. 全神贯注的 d. 睡意浓的
7． one of symptoms caused by the peculiar illness is a high fever.
a. 症状b. 疾病c. 恐惧d. 威胁
8． in the strong wind, the beggar shivered with the terrible cold.
a. 流泪b. 乞讨c. 呻吟d. 颤抖
9． the hot tropical weather created a feeling of lassitude and encouraged laziness.
a. 兴奋b. 厌恶c. 清醒d. 疲倦
10．to quite a great many people, money is an irresistible temptation（诱惑）.
a. 不可抗拒的 b. 可抗拒的 c. 接受的 d. 不可接受的
三、高考实战 （高考阅读试题）
jintan, jiangsu: the 20 students - 18 boys and 2 girls -had a thousand reasons to be proud of themselves. they had just climbed their way to the top rung（阶梯）out of 4 million students taking part in the fifth national hua luogeng gold cup mathematics contest（竞赛）on tuesday evening.
the 20 gold medal winners are all primary and middle school students under the age of 14.
‘many of the problems are of college level and these pupils can figure them out. it is just unbelievable!’said a teacher from guangdong province.
named after china's most famous mathematician, hua luogeng, the contest started in 1986, one year after his death. in less than 10 years, it has been recognised by the state education commission（国家教委） as the country's biggest and best contest of its kind.
51. this news story is mainly about .
a. when the contest started
b. how the contest got its name
c. the 20 pupils who have won gold medals in the contest
d. the 5th national hua luogeng gold cup mathematics contest
52. this news story most probably appeared in a newspaper in .
a. 1986 b. 1987
c. 1995 d. 1997
53. it can be inferred from the text that the teacher from guangdong province .
a. felt proud of the gold medal winners
b. wondered if the students were honest
c. thought that the problems were too difficult for the students
d. believed that the twenty winners could go to study at university
54. the underlined phrase ‘figure out’ in the text means .
a. work out b. add up
c. guess d. study
in the 1930s, a lot of people in the usa were out of work. among these people was a man named
alfred butts. he always had an interest in word games and so, to fill his time, he planned a game which he called ‘lexico’. however, he was not completely satisfied with the game, so he made a number of changes to it and, in time, changed its name from ‘lexico’to ‘alph’ and then to ‘criss cross’. he wanted to make some money from his new game but he didn't have any real commercial（商业性的）success.
in 1939, butts happened to meet a man called jim brunot who showed an interest in the new game.
the two men worked together on developing the game and in 1948 it was offered for sale in the united states under its new name - ‘scrabble’.
at first, it didn't sell very well. in the first year it sold just 2,250 sets and by 1951 it had only
reached 8,500 sets a year.
then, in 1952 the manager of macy's department store in new york, jack strauss, happened to
play ‘scrabble’while he was on holiday. he thought it was a wonderful game and, when he went back to work after his holiday, he insisted that macy's should stock（储备） the game and make an effort （努力） to call the public's attention to it.
as a result,‘scrabble’became a big success in the united states and it soon spread to australia and
then to other english-speaking countries.
55. the text is mainly about .
a.‘lexico’ b. three men
c. a word game d. alfred butts
56. alfred butts invented the game‘lexico’ .
a. to make himself famous
b. to make spelling simpler
c. when he was out of work and looking for a job
d. when he was playing word games to pass the time
57. who made ‘scrabble’ popular?
a. alfred butts.
b. jack strauss.
c. alfred butts and jim brunot.
d. jack strauss and jim brunot.
58. when did alfred butts first put his game on the market?
a. in 1939.
b. in 1948.
c. before 1939.
d. between 1939 and 1948.
allan goes everywhere with birgitta anderson, a 54-year-old secretary. he moves around her
office at work and goes shopping with her.‘most people don't seem to mind allan,’ says birgitta, who thinks he is wonderful. ‘he's my fourth child,’ she says. she may think of him and treat him that way, buying his food, paying his health bills and his taxes, but in fact allan is a dog.
birgitta and allan live in sweden, a country where everyone is expected to lead an orderly life
according to rules laid down by the government, which also provides （提供）a high level of care for its people. this level of care costs money.
people in sweden pay taxes on everything, so aren't surprised to find that owning a dog means yet
more taxes. some people are paying as much as 500 swedish kronor in taxes a year for the right to keep their dog, money that is spent by the government on dog hospitals and sometimes medical treatment for a dog that falls ill. however, most such treatment is expensive, so owners often decide to pay health and even life insurance （保险）for their dog.
in sweden dog owners must pay for any damage （损坏）their dog does. a swedish kennel club
official explains what this means: if your dog runs out on the road and gets hit by a passing car you, as the owner, have to pay for any damage done to the car, even if your dog has been killed in the accident.
59. birgitta pays taxes for allan because .
a. he is her dog b. he is her child
c. he follows her everywhere d. he often falls ill
60. the money paid as dog taxes is used to .
a. keep a high level of care for the people
b. pay for damage done by dogs
c. provide medical care for dogs
d. buy insurance for dog owners
61. if a dog causes a car accident and gets killed, who should pay for the damage done to the car?
a. the owner of the car.
b. the owner of the dog.
c. the insurance company.
d. the government.
62. from the text it can be inferred that in sweden .
a. dogs are welcome in public places
b. keeping dogs means asking for trouble
c. many car accidents are caused by dogs
d. people care much about dogs
suppose you work in a big firm and find english very important for your job because you often
deal with foreign businessmen. now you are looking for a place where you can improve your english, especially your spoken english.
here are some advertisements about english language training from newspapers. you may find the
information you need.
63. you work from 9:00 am to 4:30 p.m. every day. which schools will you choose?
a. global english centre and modern language school.
b. global english centre and the international house.
c. modern language school and the 21st century.
d. the 21st century and the international house.
64. the 21st century is different from the other three schools in that .
a. its teaching quality is better
b. it is nearest to the city centre
c. its courses are more advanced
d. it requires an entrance examination
65. you will probably prefer to go to the international house because it .
a. offers free sightseeing and social activities
b. has a special course in spoken english
c. costs less than the other schools
d. has native english teachers
66. if you take the evening programme at the international house, you will pay about .
a. 60 yuan b. 240 yuan
c. 720 yuan d. 1,000 yuan
america is growing older. fifty years ago, only 4 out of every 100 people in the united states were
65 or older. today, 10 out of every 100 americans are over 65. the aging of the population will affect （影响） american society in many ways - education, medicine, and business. quietly, the graying of america has made us a very different society - one in which people have a quite different idea of what kind of behavior （行为）is suitable （合适）at various ages.
a person's age no longer tells you anything about his/her social position, marriage or health.
there's no longer a particular year in which one goes to school or goes to work or gets married or starts a family. the social clock that kept us on time and told us when to go to school, get a job, or stop working isn't as strong as it used to be. it doesn't surprise us to hear of a 29-year-old university president or a 35-year-old grandmother, or a 70-year-old man who has become a father for the first time. public ideas are changing.
many people say, ‘i am much younger than my mother - or my father - was at my age.’
no one says ‘act your age’ anymore. we've stopped looking with surprise at older people who act in youthful ways.
67. it can be learnt from the text that the aging of the population in america .
a. has made people feel younger
b. has changed people's social position
c. has changed people's understanding of age
d. has slowed down the country's social development
68. the underlined word ‘one’ refers to .
a. a society b. america
c. a place d. population
69. ‘act your age’ means people should ______.
a. be active when they are old
b. do the right thing at the right age
c. show respect for their parents young or old
d. take more physical exercise suitable to their age
70. if a 25-year-old man becomes general manager of a big firm, the writer of the text would most
probably consider it .
a. normal b. wonderful
c. unbelievable d. unreasonable
四、能力测试
confucius was born five hundred and fifty years before christ. unlike jesus christ, he did not bring words of god to the people. he was a clever teacher and a philosopher, looking for truth and wisdom. most of his teaching was about life in this world.
confucius was very keen to give people good rulers. someone asked him, ”what does a country need?“ confucius answered, ”enough food, a good army, and a good leader.“ the people then asked, ”which one is the most important?“ confucius answered, ”an army is not very important. all men must die, so food is not the most important. but if the leader of the country is not good, then everything will be bad.“
1. a philosopher is a person who ______.
a. does not like jesus christ
b. teaches people how to live in this world
c. seeks after truth and wisdom
d. is more clever than most of other people
2. according to confucius, the most important thing in any country was ____.
a. the army b. the ruler
c. life of the people d. food
3. jesus christ _____.
a. was born more than half a century earlier than confucius
b. taught people anything about god
c. did not tell people anything about god
d. was a philosopher sent by god
4. confucius taught people all these things except _____.
a. how to live in the world
b. the importance of the leader of the country
c. any ideas about god
d. how to make good judgements
5. for confucius a man _____.
a. could not escape death
b. would die if he didn't have a good ruler
c. was not important compared with food
d. ought to die if he considered food to be the most important for him
learners of english, especially self-taught learners may have trouble in understanding speeches by native speakers. the following ways might help improve their listening ability.
first of all, do things step by step. it is not good to listen to something beyond your level. better choose a suitable course and start with the first book. go on to the second book only after you are sure you understand the first one.
secondly, stick to one course of study. don't change books often. never let your attention be attracted by another course just because it seems to be more ”fashionable“（时髦）.
thirdly, listen to the english news program over the radio from time to time. better go through the news stories in the chinese-language newspaper first. that will make it easier for you to understand the english news on the radio.
fourthly, if you have time, listen to some interesting stories in ”special english from the v.o.a. or other listening materials of the same level as that of your textbook.“
6. this is a piece of advice to learners of english on how to ____.
a. improve their listening ability
b. read fast
c. write better english and read faster
d. speak correctly
7. if you want to understand the english news program on the radio, you should _____.
a. read the chinese-language newspaper step by step
b. read again and again the chinese-language newspaper
c. go through the chinese-language newspaper
d. be able to recite the chinese-language newspaper
8. ”beyond your level“ means something _____.
a. easy for you
b. too difficult for you
c. not too easy and not too difficult for you
d. just all right for you
9. the author advised that once you have taken up a course, you ____.
a. should stick to it
b. should begin with the last book
c. should take up other courses if they are more fashionable
d. shouldn't do anything else
10. in this passage, v.o.a. stands for _____.
a. a book
b. a magazine
c. a text-book
d. a radio station
第一课
二、a
三、51、cdbac，baabd 61、adadb，cddbc
四、cbdacd
第二课
二、ddbab，cadda
三、51、dcaac，dbcac 61、bdbdb，dcaba
四、cbbca，acbad
广告英语与普通英语存在许多差异，而又与人们日常生活密切相关，应用性很强。所以广告类阅读题可以很好地考查学生提取信息、处理信息的能力，也是历年来高考考查的一个热点。高考全国卷就再次出现此类题目。但也正因为广告英语不同于学生平时所学习的普通英语，其文句精练，信息量大，表达方式千变万化，许多学生面对这种题目要么束手无策，要么需要花费大量时间才能完成，都不得要领，所以要加强针对性训练。其实，做这种题目也是有法可循的：先略读题目，再浏览题干，然后带着问题找答案。在阅读时又要特别注意文中以黑体、大写、下划线等方式加以提示的文字，因为这很有可能是文章的核心或至少是一部分内容的概括。下面就是几道此类题目的练习题，同学们不妨试试……
[例1](nmet，春招阅读e篇)
how to book
booking opens for beckett shorts on 8 september.
by telephone
for credit card(信用卡)bookings. calls are answered.
box office
01789 295623 9a.m.-8.p.m.(mon.-sat.)
0541 541051(24hours,7days,nobookingcharge).
byfax
for credit card bookings. please allow at least 48 hours for reply, if required.
box office
01789 261974 or 01862 387765
by post
please enclose(附上) a cheque or credit card details together with an sae or add 50p to the total amount(总额) to cover postage. please send to the box office,rst,stratford-upon-avon,cv376bb.
booking opens for all other plays on19 september.
in person
box office
rst hall, 9:30a.m.-8p.m.(mon.-sat.)
(6p.m.when theatres are closed).
over seas booking
the easiest method of payment is by credit card.
you can also pay by: eurocheque (up to￡500) you're your card number written on the back.
paying for your tickets
credit cards
we accept visa, master card, american express and diners club. please give the card number, name and address of card holder.
cheques cheques and postal orders should be payable to:royal shakespeare theatre.
1.in which of the following ways of booking does one probably have to pay extra money?
a.in person. b.by telephone. c.by fax. d.by post.
2.one has to wait for 2 days or longer for a reply if he/she pays.
a.in person b.by telephone c.by fax d.by post
3.what is a useful number to call at 11 a.m. sunday?
a.01789 295623 b.0541 541051
c.01789 261174 d.01862 387665
解析：本篇旨在考查学生的英语实用能力。标题是如何订票。先大致浏览一下小标题，然后即可看问题，并迅速找到要查找信息的相应位置。
1.问哪一种订票方式可能会有附加费用。答案为d。依据是文中bypost项下有or add 50p to the total amount to cover postage(或者是在订票费总额上再加上50便士的邮资)这样一句。
2.问以哪种方式付费必须等两天或更长时间才可以得到答复。答案是c。byfax项下有please allow at least 48 hours for reply, if required.
3.问星期天上午11点可以打哪个电话号码。在第一个boxoffice项下可找到答案b。0541541051(24hours,7days)。另一号码01789295623根据信息9a.m.-8p.m.(mon-sat)，星期天不可用。而选项c和d中的号码是fax号码。所以，正确答案为b项。
[例2]bdu www.chinadaily.com.cn/bdu
china daily launches
b d u
business daily update
want to keep abreast(赶得上)of the dynamic pulse(有力的脉博)of china's economy?
get a glance at the most important business activities taking place here every day through business daily update, a service offered by china daily information via the world wide web.
placed under 10 categories, over 25 news items appear each day with the top three event high lighted all in english business daily update is just a few mouse clicks away.
subscribe to bdu for an annual fee of us$ 240.e-mail and fax services are also available upon request.
for more information, please contact business daily update:
tel:(010)64941107,(010)64924488ext.2000;fax: 86-10-64941125
email: bdu@chinadaily.com.cn ;
url:
1.if>www.chinadaily.com.cn/bdu
1.if you get into bdu, you can ____.
a.find out everything in china
b.get the most important business information in the world
c.get the information about the latest business activities taking place in china
d.get all the information in china daily
2.this ad. will be very helpful to ____.
a.foreign businesspeople
b.foreign travelers
c.chinese people
d.china daily reporters
3.to get the information from bdu everyday, you must____.
a.underst and chinese
b.know something about the mouse
c.know how to operate a computer
d.howtouseafaxmachine
4.if you have www.chinadaily.com.cn/bdu, you can get in touch with bdu by ____.
a.telephone b.fax c.e-mail d.internet答案及解析：
1.c。由题目下面的”businessdailyupdate“和文章内容的第二段第一句可知，正确答案为c项。
2.a。由第一自然段中的”...china's economy(中国的经济)“可知，是对外国企业、商人而言的，如果对国内企业，其表达方式为：our country's economy。
3.从第二自然段的via the world wide web(通过万维网)可知，是从计算机上获取信息。因此正确答案是c。
4.d。因为本题题干给出的是网址(http)，所以通过上因特网与bdu联系。而c项的e-mail地址在短文中给出了，而本题题干没有涉及
英语阅读中，有时作者并未把意图说出来，而是要求阅读者根据字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓义，这就是判断推理题。判断推理题在阅读测试中属于难题。因此，考生应在理解全文的基础上，从文章本身所提供的信息出发，运用逻辑思维，哲学原理，并借助一定的常识进行分析，推理，判断。
推理题经常使用的提问方式有：
it can be inferred/ concluded that___________.
which of the following conclusions can we draw according to the passage?
in which of the following publication would this passage most likely be printed?
the passage implies, but doesn't directly state that___________.
the writer suggests that___________.
what's the author's attitude toward___________?
the writer probably feels that___________.
the author uses the examples of... to show that___________.
判断推理是一种创造性的思维活动，但它并非无章可循。
推理判断题要在阅读理解整体语篇的基础上，掌握文章的真正内涵。①要吃透文章的字面意思，从字里行间捕捉有用的提示和线索，这是推理的前提和基础；②要对文字的表面信息进行挖掘加工，由表入里，由浅入深，从具体到抽象，从特殊到一般，通过分析、综合、判断等，进行深层处理，符合逻辑地推理。不能就是论事，断章取义，以偏概全。③要忠实于原文，以文章提供的事实和线索为依据。立足已知，推断未知。立足现在，预测未来。不能主观臆想，凭空想象，随意揣测，更不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点；④要把握句、段之间的逻辑关系，了解语篇的结构。要体会文章的基调，揣摸作者的态度，摸准逻辑发展的方向，悟出作者的弦外之音。
一、细节推断题
要求考生根据语篇关系，推断具体细节，如时间、地点、人物关系、人物身份、事件等。一般可根据短文提供的信息，或者借助生活常识进行推理判断。
【例题】
a visitor visits an island where two tribes live. one tribe always tells the truth and the other always lies. the truth瞭ellers live on the western side of the island, and those who lie live on the eastern side. the visitor wants to determine whether the native beside him is a truth瞭eller or not by asking only one question. he asks the native,“go and ask the native in the distance which side of the island he lives on.” when the messenger returns, he says, ”he said he lives on the western side of the island.“
is the messenger a truth瞭eller or not? how can the visitor be sure?
1. according to the messenger's answer, the visitor can conclude that_______________
a. the messenger lives on the western side of the island because he tells the truth.
b. the messenger lives on the eastern side of the island because his answer may be a lie.
c. it's hard to determine whether the messenger is a truth teller or not.
d. the messenger probably lives in the western side of the island because his answer may be true.
2. the native in the distance says he lives on the western side of the island. according to his answer, which conclusion of the following is wrong?
a. he may live on the eastern side of the island.
b. he may live on the western side of the island.
c. he may be telling the truth.
d. he can't be telling the truth.
【解析】 第1题是推测有关信使（近处的当地人）的情况的。我们知道，讲真话的部落住在岛的西部，撒谎的部落住在岛的东部。这个信使去问远方的当地人住在岛的哪一边（东部还是西部）。远方的当地人只能有两种情况，要么住在岛的西部，要么住在岛的东部。如果他住在岛的西部，他就是一个讲真话的人，他就会如实回答他住在西部。如果他住在岛的东部，他就是一个撒谎的人。他本来住在东部，但在回答时，必须要说谎，他只能回答他住在西部。所以远方的当地人不管是住在东部还是西部，他的回答只有一个：“我住在西部”。如果信使告诉参观者远方的当地人住在西部，信使无疑是说了真话，那么信使一定是住在岛的西部。反之，如果信使告诉参观者远方的当地人住在东部，那么信使就说了假话，信使肯定住在东部。故此题答案是a。
第2题是推测远方的当地人的情况的。从短文提供的信息来看，我们无法判定远方的当地是住在岛的东部还是岛的西部，两种情况都是可能存在的。此题要注意情态动词的语气。a.“他可能住在岛的西部”;b.“他可能住在岛的东部”;c.“他可能讲了真话”。上述a、b、c三种情况都是可能的。d.“他不可能讲真话”，语气太绝对。推测错误。故答案为d。
二、因果推断题
要求考生根据已知结果推测导致结果的可能原因。考生要准确掌握文章的内涵，理解文章的真正含义。
【例题】
when the young waitress near my house started saying hello to me every day, i was very happy. she was at least fifteen years younger than i. one day she signedme to come near. when i walked over, she asked,“are you single?” “why, yes.“ i answered, smiling at her happily.
“so is my mother.” she said, “would you like to meet her?“
1. the writer talked about the waitress' age because he thought___________.
a. she was young b. it a pleasure to make friends with her
c. she was beautiful d. it strange for her to fall in love withhim
2. the waitress said hello to the writer every day because___________.
a. she lived near his house b. he often went to visit her mother
c. she wanted to be friendly with him d. she loved him very much
【解析】 这是两道推测原因的题目。女服务员每天向作者示好，作者产生误解，以为女孩对他有意。考虑到他们年龄相差悬殊，作者认为女孩爱上他有点奇怪。故第1题答案是d。女孩问作者是否单身，并提到她母亲也是单身，并邀请他与她母亲见面，可见，女孩每天向他问好，目的是想取得他的好感，进而搓和他和她母亲。第2题答案是c。
【例题】
the entertainment profession or “show business” attracts many young people. unfortunately, only very few can hope to become famous and successful. talent is not enough, because show business is as competitive as any other business .without a good manager ,a performer can never hope to succeed .fashion is important in this business, too. the best tailor in the world will never be a success if he makes old瞗ashioned clothes. in exactly the same way, a performer must changehis “act“ in order to follow the taste of the moment. this is true for actors, dancers and comedians ,but perhaps most of all singers.
“pop” stands for “popular“ and a pop singer has to work very hard to become popular .he must either give the public what they already want, or he must find a new way of singing that will attract their attention. even when he has succeeded, and his records are sold everywhere, he can not relax. then he must work harder than ever because there are always younger singers trying to become famous and to steal some of the popularity. the life of a successful pop singer is not at all easy. he can only relax when he is alone, because everything he does is watched and reported in the special newspaper written for the “fans”.the fans are the most important people in the world for the singers. they buy his records, they go to his concerts and they make him rich and famous. but they can be very annoying, too. sometimes their enthusiasm get so hysterical that they do anything to get a“souvenir“（纪念品）. they steal handkerchiefs, they tear off buttons, and they even cut off pieces of the unfortunate singer's hair. many singers have been forced to hide. a pop singer has to spend a lot of money on clothes, because he must always look smart or at any rate different. he must have a luxurious car. and - most important - he must always keep smiling for the benefit of his public .
1. why must a pop singer have a good manager?___________.
a. to protect him from his fans b. to look after his business interests
c. to help him to change his “act” d .so that he can relax
2. why must a pop singer work even harder when he has become famous?___________
a. because he wants to attract the attention of the public
b. because he wants to sell more records
c. because he wants to become popular
d. because he wants to stay popular
【解析】 1. 答案为b。因果推断题。根据talent is not enough, because show business is as competitive as any other business. without a good manager, a performer can never hope to succeed .我们可以知道，正因为这个行业竞争激烈，所以表演者需要一个好的经纪人。帮助演员策划和安排商业表演活动，协助他的演艺事业的发展。故b项正确。
2. 答案为d。因果推断题。then he must work harder than ever because there are always younger singers trying to become famous and to steal some of the popularity. 一个成名演员要更加努力地工作，直接原因文中已有论述，即，表演行业是个竞争十分激烈的行业，新人不断涌现，对成名演员造成很大的压力。那么间接原因是什么？通过前面的分析我们可以推断出成名演员更加买力地工作，是因为他要保持他的名气，延长他的艺术生命。
【例题】
once napoleon stayed in a small inn. the next morning, he went to thank the ﹊nnkeeper.ァ癥ou, have served me well, innkeeper, “ said napoleon. “i wish to reward you. tell me what you want.”
“sir, we want nothing, “ said the innkeeper.“but will you tell us something?”ァ癢hat is it?“ napoleon asked.
“we have heard a story.” said the innkeeper, “that once during the war, a small village was taken by the russians. you happened to be in the village. you hid while they looked for you. will you tell us how you felt when they were looking for you?“ napoleon looked very angry. he called in two of his soldiers. then he pointed to the door. the soldiers took the innkeeper and his wife out into the yard.
at the end of the yard was a wall. the innkeeper and his wife were led to the wall. the soldiers tied the hands of the innkeeper and his wife. napoleon watched, saying nothing.
“please, sir.” begged the innkeeper, “don't kill us! we meant nothing!“ the soldiers moved back. the innkeeper saw them raising their guns. then napoleon called: “ready! aim!” the wife screamed. “stop!“ said napoleon. he went to the innkeeper, “now, you know the answer to the question you asked me just now, don't you?”
1. why did the innkeeper ask napoleon to tell him how napoleon felt when he was being looked for?
a. he wanted to know the difference between a general and an ordinary people.
b. he looked down upon napoleon, for he thought a great man shouldn't be defeated.
c. he showed his玸ympathy(同情) to napoleon in time of danger.
d. he was interested in other's failure, especially napoleon's.
2. why did napoleon ordered his men to tie the couple?
a. because he wanted to teach the innkeeper a good lesson for bothering him.
b. because he wanted to kill the couple to get rid of his anger.
c. because he wanted to show that he was so admiring a general that nobody could upset him.
d. because he wanted to made the innkeeper know that a general like him had the same feeling as the ordinary people in face of danger.
【解析】 1. 此题为因果推断题。根据“sir, we want nothing, “ said the innkeeper.“but will you tell us something?” 可以看出来，这个店老板问拿破仑这个问题是出于好奇。他想知道作为将军的拿破仑与普通人到底有什么区别。故答案为a。
2. 因果推断题。从最后一句话“now, you know the answer to the question you asked me just now, don't you?“ 可以看出拿破仑并不想杀这个店老板，他这样做的目的是想让他体验一下他当时的感受。故可推出面对危险像拿破仑这样的将军与普通人没有什么两样。故答案为d。
三、人物性格、态度及观点判断题
高考阅读测试中有些是考查考生对作者的主导思想、被描写人物语气、言谈话语中流露的情绪、性格倾向和作者或文中人物态度、观点等方面的理解题。做这一类题时一定要注意：
1）由表及里的准确把握字里行间的意思，切勿用自己的主观想法或观点代替作者的思想观点。
2）特别注意那些描写环境气氛的语言，以及表达感情、态度观点的词语。要特别注意作者在文章中的措词，尤其是表达感情色彩的形容词。
3）能结合自己平时积累的有关英语国家的文化传统、风俗习惯等背景知识来识别评价。
【例题】
a well-known old man was being interviewed and was asked if it was correct that he had just celebrated his 99th birthday, “that's right,” said the old man. “ninety-nine years old, and i haven't an enemy in the world. they 're all dead.“
“well sir,” said the interviewer, “i hope very much to have the honor of interviewing you on your hundredth birthday.“
the old man looks at the young man closely, and said, “i can't see why you shouldn't. you look fit and healthy to me!”
1. what kind of man would you say the old man was?
a. he was silly. b. he was unpleasant.
c. he was very proud and sure of his health.
d. he was very impolite to young people.
【解析】 记者希望在老人100岁生日时能再访老人，希望他能活到100岁。而老人故意歧解记者的话（我看不出你明年为什么不能采访我？你好像还很健康呀！）表现了老人对自己健康状态的自信。答案为c。
【例题】
three men were discussing how to玠onate(捐献) money to god. at first they couldn't agree with each other, then they each told his own idea.
the first man said: “let's draw a small circle on the ground and throw coins to the ground. the money out of the circle belongs to god.“
the second man added, “we will donate the coins inside the circle to god because god is in our hearts.”
the third man said: “your ideas are not bad, but i have a better idea than yours. let's throw coins into the sky. the coins that god accepts belong to him. so god can accept as much money as he can.“
at last, they agreed to the last idea, and they began to throw coins to the sky happily.
1. according to the passage, we can draw a conclusion:
a. all the three men were kind瞙earted.
b. the third man is more generous(大方)than the other two.
c. none of them believed in god.
d. three men are all stingy(吝啬) people.
【解析】 从三人提的建议看，他们三人都不乐意给上帝捐钱，三人都是吝啬的人，故选d。
四、预测想象推理题
有些内容文章中没有明确说明，要求考生根据语篇，对事件可能的结局或下段可能涉及的内容等进行预测推理。做这类题时应把握作者的写作思路（如文章可能按事件发展的经过描写，也可能按因果关系、对比关系来叙述），从而作出比较科学的、合情合理的预测。
【例题】
we are in the computer age. we often see computers at work. they are especially useful in automatic control, date processing(数据处理) and solving complicated problems. and they are finding their way into the home. the part played by computers is becoming even more important with each passing day.more and cleverer computers will continue to appear. they will run faster, have more functions and work more skillfully. they will take over more tasks from us, helping to change the face of our world. some people even think that sooner or later computers will replace us.
however…
1. which of the following statements is most likely to be talked about inthe third paragraph?
a. computers will soon stop developing.
b. computers are as clever as man.
c. many people like computers very much.
d.i don't think computers will replace us completely.
【解析】 本文采用了对比关系来描写。前面描写了计算机的优势，但作者用 however 一词预示将引出相反的观点，答案为d。
【例题】
there was ice on the road, and the doctor's car hit a tree and turned over three times. to his surprise, he was not hurt .he got out of the car and walkedto the nearest house, he wanted to telephone the玤arage(汽车修理厂) for help. the door was opened by one of his patients.
“oh, doctor.” she said, “i have only just telephoned you. you must have a very fast car. you have got here very quickly indeed. there has been a very bad accident in the road outside. i saw it through the window. i am sure the driver will need your help“.
1. which of the following is the most likely reply the doctor gave the woman patient at the end of the story?
a. “yes, he does need help - your help, not mine.”
b. “another accident? i've just had an accident myself?“
c. “i got your call and rushed over. i hope i'm not too late.”
d. “i didn't get your call. but i'm here and hope i can help“.
【解析】 出事故的车恰恰是医生的车，当他听他的病人说出事司机需要帮助时，他会不失幽默地说：“是的，他需要帮助，是你的帮助，而不是我的帮助”。--他要借用病人家的电话给修车厂打电话。答案是a。
五、写作意图推测题
此题型要求考生根据文章的论述，推测作者的写作意图及运用某种写作手法的目的。作者一般不直接陈述自己的意图，而是通过文章所提供的事实和形象，客观地使读者信服某种想法或意见。这种题型要求同学们不但能理解文章的内容，同时还要具备对作者阐述问题的写作方法进行归纳总结和分析的能力。
【例题】
imagine that the genome(基因组) is a book. the book consists of 23 chapters with thousands of stories made up of paragraphs, words and letters on different levels. there are one billion words in the book, which makes it longer than 5,000 volumes the size of this book, or as long as 800 bibles. if i read the genome out to you at the rate of one word per second for eight hours a day, it would take me a century. if i wrote out the human genome, one letter per millimeter, my text would be as long as the river danube.
1. the real purpose of the author's comparison of the genome to a book is___________.
a. to focus on the differences between the two
b. to lay emphasis on the similarities between the two
c. to simplify the concept of the human genome
d. to give an exact description of the human genome
【解析】 “基因组”是一个非常抽象难懂的科学术语。作者在这里把“基因组”比作一本书，使一般读者能通俗形象地了解“基因组”的概念。故答案为c。
【例题】
beldon and canfield are two seashore towns, not far apart. both towns have many hotels, and in summer the hotels are full of holiday瞞akers and othertourists(观光者).
last august there was a fire at the seabreeze hotel in beldon. the next day, this news appeared on page two of the town's newspaper. the beldon post: fire at seabreeze
late last night firemen hurried to the seabreeze hotel and quickly put out a small fire in a bedroom. the hotel manager said that a cigarette started the fire. we say again to all our visitors： “please don't smoke cigarettes in bed.” this was beldon's first hotel fire for five years.
the canfield times gave the news in these words on page one：
another beldon hotel catches fire
last night beldon firemen arrived just too late to save clothing, bedclothes and some furniture at the seabreeze hotel. an angry holiday瞞aker said, “an electric lamp probably started the fire. the bedroom lamps are very old at some of these hotels. when i put my bedside light on, i heard a funny noise from the lamp.
“ we are glad to tell our readers that this sort of adventure does not happen in canfield.
what are the facts, then? it is never easy to find out the exact truth about an accident. there was a fire at the seabreeze hotel last august: that is one fact. do we know anything else? yes, we know that firemen went to the hotel.
now what do you think of the rest of the “news” ?
1. the canfield times used the 玥eadline(标题)like this in order to make its readers think ___________.
a. hotels in beldon often catch fire
b. hotels in beldon don't often catch fire
c. this was the second fire at the seabreeze hotel
d. beldon was a good place except that hotels there are not quite safe
【解析】 答案为 a。作者意图推断题。本文通过两个对手城市的报纸对同一件火灾事故的不同报道，对新闻报道的真实性提出了怀疑。another beldon hotel catches fire中another是个关键词，暗示了beldon的宾馆火灾频繁。
综观近几年的高考英语阅读题，尽管推断题呈不断上升的趋势，但细节仍然占有较大比例，而且已由过去简单的对号入座直接答题转向通过语句的同义或反义转换来考查同学们对英语语言的理解能力，因此难度比往年有所增加。本文拟就细节题的不同类型谈谈其解题技巧。
一、语义转换题--跳读查找法
这是做事实细节题最基本也是最常用的方法。在通常情况下，细节题主要考查考生对某句话或某几句话的理解，同学们若能根据题干内容从原文中找到相关的句子，然后进行比较和分析，便可确定最佳答案。
运用跳读查找法时，同学们要特别注意试题（包括选项）与原文之间的适当变换。根据近几年的考题情况来看，现在很少有直接用原文中的句子进行考查和猜试的，而通常要进行一定的处理。而这种“处理”主要就是指进行语义转换，其中包括同义变换、概念解析、归纳事实等。请看下面的例子（重庆高考英语试题）：
“my kids really understand solar and earth-heat energy,” says a second-grade teacher in saugus, california. “some of them are building solar collectors for their energy course.” these young scientists are part of city building educational program (cbep), a particular program for kindergarten through twelfth grade that uses the stages of city planning to teach basic reading, writing and math skills, and more.
the children don’t just plan any city. they map and analyze the housing, energy, and transportation requirements of their own district and foretell its needs in 100 years. with the aid of and architect (建筑师) who visits the classroom once a week, they invent new ways to meet these needs and build models of their creations. “designing buildings of the future gives children a lot of freedom,” says the teacher who developed this program. “they are able to use their own rich imagination and inventions without fear of blame, because there are no wrong answers in a future context. in face, as the class enters the final model-building stage of the program, an elected “official” and “planning group” make all the design decisions for the model city, and the teacher steps back and becomes an adviser.”
cbep is a set of activities, games and imitations that teach the basic steps necessary for problem-solving: observing, analyzing, working out possible answers, and judging them based on the children’s own standards.
1. an architect pays a weekly visit to the classroom______.
a. to find out kid’s creative ideas b. to discuss with the teacher
c. to give children lectures d. to help kids with their program
2. who is the designer of the program? _____
a. an official b. an architect c. a teacher d. a scientist
解题分析
1. 选d。根据第2段中的with the aid of an architect who visits the classroom once a week, they invent new ways to meet these needs and build models of their creations可知答案为d。 句中的aid“帮助”，与help同义。
2. 选c。 根据第2段中的…the teacher who developed this program 可知答案选c。develop与design在此大致同义。
二、生活应用题--常识理解法
生活应用题要求考生在读懂文章的基础上结合一定的生活常识进行判断。不过，有趣的是，高考有时会出席那一些“低级”常识判断提，即无需看懂文章，也可选出最佳答案。请看一个实例（全国卷高考英语试题）：
a child’s birthday party doesn’t have to be a hassle: it can be a basket of fun, according to beth anaclerio, an evaston mother of two, ages 4 and 18 months.
“having a party at home usually requires a lot of running around on the part of the parents, and often the birthday boy or girl gets lost in wild excitement. but it really doesn’t have to be that way,” said anaclerio. last summer, anaclerio and her friend jill carlisle, a northbrook mother of a 2-year-old, founded a home party-planning business called “a party in a basket.” their goal is to help parents and children share in the fun part of party planning, like choosing the subject or making a cake, while they take care of everything.
drawing on their experiences as mothers, they have created (制作) 10 ready-to-use, home party packages. everything a family needs to plan a party, except the cake and ice cream, is delivered to the home in a large basket.
“our parties are aimed for children 2 to 10,” anaclerio said, “and they’re very interactive (互动) and creative in that they build a sense of drama based on a subject. for example, at the soda shoppe party the guests become waiters and waitresses and build wonderful ice cream creation.”
the standard $200 package for eight children includes a basket filled with invitations, gifts, games and prizes, paper goods, a party planner and the like. for more information, call anaclerio at 708-864-6584 or carlisle at 708-205-9141.
1. which of the following is most likely to be a party planner?
解题分析：
先看四个选项（图形）所表示的意思：选项a是一个记事本，左边写着date, things to do…., 右边写着people to invite….；选项b是一份礼品；选项c是一张卡片，上面写着happy birthday； 选项d是一份菜单上面写着potato soup 3.00…等。聪明的考生，只要注意到题干中的a party planner, 变可排除b、c选项，因为根据常识，他们显然不是planner(计划书)。a、d两项到底选哪项呢？两项都有点像planner，但仔细比较一下便可知a最佳。a party planner的意思是“晚会计划书”，根据常识，要计划一场晚会，当然首先要明确日期（date）,还要确定做些什么事（things to do）以及邀请什么人（people to invite）等，而选项d只是一份菜单，它表明的只是一些菜的价格，显然与a party planner 不符。
三、细节排序题--首尾定位法
这种试题要求考生根据动作发生的先后顺序和句子之间的逻辑关系，找出事件发生的正确顺序。同学们在做这种题时可采用“首尾定位法”，即最先找出第一个动作和最后一个动作，迅速缩小选择范围，从而快速选出正确答案。请看下面的例子（浙江高考英语试题）：
fat and shy, ben saunders was the last kid in his class picked for any sports team.” football, tennis, cricket-anything with a round ball, i was useless.” he says now with a laugh. but back then he was the one always made fun of in school gym in devonshire, england.
it was a mountain bike he received for his 15th birthday that changed him. at first he went biking alone in a nearby forest. then he began to ride the bike along with a runner friend. gradually, saunders set his mind on building up his body, increasing his speed and strength. at the age of 18, he ran his first marathon.
the following year, he met john ridgway and was hired as an instructor at ridgway’s school of adventure in scotland, where he learned about ridgway’s cold-water exploits. greatly interested, saunders read all he could about north pole explorers and adventures, then decided that this would be his future.
in ,after becoming a skillful skier, saunders started his first long-distance expedition(探险)towards the north pole, it took unbelievable energy. he suffered frostbite（冻疮）, ran into a polar bear and pushed his body to the limit, pulling his supply-loaded sled（雪橇）up and over rocky ice.
saunders has since become the youngest person to ski alone to the north pole, and he’s skied more of the north pole by himself than any other british man. his old playmates would not believe the change.
next october, saunders, 27, heads south from the coast of antarctica to the south pole and back, a 2900-kilometre journey that has never been completed on skis.
1. which of the following is the correct order of the events that happened to saunders?
a. he ran his first marathon b. he skied alone in the north pole.
c. he rode his bike in a forest. d. he planned an adventure to the south pole.
a. acdb b. cdab c. acbd d. cabd.
解题分析：
题目要求我们按事件发生时间来进行安排。根据首尾定位法，第一步是c. he rode his bike in a forest, 最后一步是d. he planned an adventure to the south pole,故答案选d。
四、寻找信息题--题干定位法
快速寻找信息题一般为功能阅读题，主要形式有广告、公告、演出信息、航班时间表等。做这类题时没有必要阅读全文，宜采用“题干定位法”。请看下面的例子（浙江高考英语试题）：
take action for a better world: volunteers needed
six months’ preparation in denmark: africa studies, team work combined with social work risk group teenagers.
six months’ community work in malawi in people to people projects: child aid, hiv/aids fights and teacher training.
qualifications(条件)：18 years, hard-working and social engagement.
please contact us by email：takeaction@betterworld.com
part-time work with exchange students
youth international is a non-profit high school foreign exchange student organization. we welcome teenagers from over 80 countries worldwide and provide host families. the community representative is a part-time position designed for people with a strong desire to do something rewarding in the community and earn some extra money.
applicants(申请人) best suited for this work should enjoy teenagers, have a strong interest in cross-cultural communication, and feel comfortable networking. full training and support will be provided through branch offices throughout the u.s positions available in most states.
if interested, please email staff@youth.org or call 888-123-9872.
international summer job
hi, i’m an esl student in china. i’m 20, quiet and polite, and i speak reasonable english. i am looking for a summer job in an english-speaking country. i can teach chinese or do house and garden work, and cook chinese dishes. can anybody offer me a job? i don’t need to earn much, just enough in 2 months (july-august) to pay for my return ticket to china. my goal is to improve my english and see a bit more of the world.
my email is : ram3462@hotmail.com
call for native speakers of english
i am looking for native speakers of english to join in an experiment. this experiment is carried out over the internet. you don’t need any specific knowledge other than understanding and speaking english at a native level. the first task will take you around 15 minutes. after this task, you can decide whether you want to continue the experiment. the tasks involve reading texts and designing questions and answers.
if you are willing to help me , then please email me : club3864@hotmail.com
1. who is suitable to work as a community representative in youth international?
a. one who enjoys working with teenagers from different countries.
b. one who hopes to take action in fighting against diseases
c. one who has a strong desire to improve his or her english
d. one who wants to earn some pocket money in the program
2. where will jack, a volunteer, receive the training before he is sent to work in malawi?
a. in some local offices in the u.s b. in an esl organization in china
c. in a preparation program in denmark d. in an exchange student center in africa
3. if mrs. black in the u.s hopes to learn some chinese at home, she may contact__________.
a. takeaction@betterworld.com b. ram3462@hotmail.com
c. club3864@hotmail.com d. staff@youth.org
解题分析
1. 选a。 根据题干中的关键词youth international 可知，此题答案一定在第二个表格中。再根据其中的teenagers from over 80 countries 以及… should enjoy teenagers…可知答案选a。
2. 选c。 根据题干中的关键词volunteer和work in malawi可知，此题答案一定在第一个表格中。再根据其中的six months’ preparation in denmark可知答案选c。
3. 选b。根据题干中的关键词hopes to learn some chinese at home可知，此题答案一定在第三个表格中，故答案选b。
全民教育
在1986年，中国政府提出了一项关于在以前每个中国孩子将会接受九年义务教育的法律。尽管在达成这个目标方面有一些问题，但是结果还是很成功的。据报道，在以前，中国99％的学龄儿童能进入小学。
如同在其他国家一样，中国政府意识到中国市民的将来福利与教育密切相连。在20召开的世界教育论坛会上，计算出有一亿一千三百万个孩子未进入学校。在论坛会上，联合教育成员国，科学和文化组织（unesco）做了一个承诺，目的是去提供“在之前，为所有孩子提供完全免费的高质量的义务教育”。他们称这个目标为 “全民教育“。现在，这些国家正努力去争取让每一个孩子都入学，而且他们也正经历着类似于中国所面临的困难。
首先，创造一个积极的态度是一个重要的开端。在农业为主体的地区，人们不重视教育，家长们对不让孩子们参加地里劳作的做法很有疑虑。尽管关于孩子，家庭和社区怎样才能受益已经做出了解释，但是要改变传统的观念是不容易的。中国和其他国家发现，即使当来自乡下的孩子开始上学的时候，他们经常旷课，然后就有退学的倾向。尤其是在一些地区，由于认为教育是给男孩的而不是为女孩的风气，所以父母总是不情愿送女儿上学。
中国人口众多，这就意味着为接受更多学生就必须扩大学校。已经出现老师短缺问题。
人口少的国家也有问题。在特克斯和凯科斯群岛，人口不足两万，有些学校里学生数量很少，
以至于不同年级的学生在同一间教室里上课。人们如何被分配也能影响教育系统。在中国，大多数市民住在东部区域，这造成了大班级。然而，在遥远的中部和西部省份，人口太少，在这些区域的学校不可能为每个水平上的小数量的学生支援老师。因此，老师只能教混合班级。在澳大利亚的北部和中部，人口是如此的疏散以至于在一些乡下的定居区的孩子去远达1000公里的最近的学校去上学。为解决这个问题，澳大利亚使用“远程教学”方法，学生用收音机和邮件两种方法上课。
一个国家在教育上的成功也全部依赖于经济。在许多发展中国家，不可能有足够的钱来为所有的孩子提供教室、书桌、椅子、书籍和老师。为装备学校，一些政府几乎完全依赖其他国家的援助，国际组织如世界银行和非政府组织以及挽救孩子都在为这些国家提供帮助。其他国家用一些特殊的项目接受帮助：世界银行和挽救孩子已经在中国的一些不发达的省份帮助解决学校。公司和市民个人也通过希望工程捐献钱。
甚至世界上最富有的国家也面临一些问题。美国已发现确定每位学生接受教学的相同质量是不容易的。三分之一的美国学生居住在乡下，给他们提供一个完整的课程是很困难的。远程教学的方法很奏效，现在美国小规模农村学校的学生使用计算机软件、电子邮件和电视会议等方法来学习各门课程。中国已采用远程教学方法，像电视机，并且在，教育部采用计算机处理中部和西部的中国教育网络。
中国政府克服了人口和经济问题来完成它的“九年义务教育”目标。现在，当中国夫妇有一个宝贝的时候，他们能确信他们的孩子将来能进入学校。但是对最不发达的非洲和亚洲国家的孩子的父母来说是非常困难的。在这些甚至没有淡水或者基本保健的国家中，达成“全民教育”的目标将会是一件极大的工作，尽管有来自国际社区的帮助。
为爱牺牲（1）
一元八角七分。全都在这儿了。其中六角是一分一分的铜板。这些一分分的钱是从杂货店老板、菜贩子和肉店老板那儿软硬兼施地一分两分地扣下来的，直弄得自己羞愧难当。德拉反复数了三次，还是一元八角七分，而第二天就是圣诞节了。德拉哭泣着。
他们住在一套带家具的公寓里，每周房租八美元。这是一个破烂不堪的地方。楼下的门道里有个信箱，可从来没有装过信。还有一个电铃，也从来没有响过，紧挨着它有一张名片，上写着“詹姆斯.迪林厄姆.杨先生”。
德拉哭完之后，往面颊上抹了抹粉。她站在窗前，痴痴地看着灰蒙蒙的后院里一只灰白色的猫正行走在灰白色的篱笆上。明天就是圣诞节，她只有一元八角七分给吉姆买一份礼物。她花去好几个月的时间，尽了最大的努力一分一分地积攒下来，才得到这样一个结果。一周二十美元实在经不起花。支出远远大于预算，总是如此。只有一元八角七分给吉姆买礼物，她的吉姆啊。她花费了多少幸福的时日筹划着要送他一件可心的礼物，一件精致、珍奇的礼物--至少应有点儿配得上吉姆所拥有的声誉才成啊。
现在，詹姆斯.迪林厄姆.杨夫妇俩有两件特别引以自豪的东西。一件是吉姆的金表，是他祖父传给父亲，父亲又传给他的传家宝；另一件则是德拉的秀发。
突然，德拉走到镜子前面。她两眼晶莹透亮，但二十秒钟之类她的脸上失去了光彩。她迅速地拆散头发，使之完全披散开来。此时此刻，德拉的秀发泼散在她的肩膀周围，微波起伏，闪耀光芒，有如那褐色的瀑布。她的美发长及膝下，仿佛是她的一件长袍。接着，她又赶紧把头发梳好。踌躇了一分钟，她一动不动地立在那里，破旧的红地毯溅落了一两滴眼泪。
她穿上那件褐色的旧外衣，带上褐色的旧帽子，跑出房门，下楼来到街上。她看了几家理发店，最后在一块招牌前停下来，上写着：“索弗罗尼夫人，专营各式头发。“德拉奔上楼梯。
“你要买我的头发吗？”德拉问。“我买头发，”夫人说。“摘掉帽子，让我看看头发。”那褐色的瀑布泼撒了下来。“二十美元，”夫人一边说，一边内行似的抓起头发。“快给我钱，”德拉说。接下来的两个小时，她彻底搜寻各家店铺，为吉姆买礼物。
她终于找到了。那准是专为吉姆特制的，决非为别人。在其他各家商店你，哪儿也没有这样的东西，她把里面的东西都拿了出来。那是一条金表链，而且它正配得上那只金表。她一见这条表链，就知道一定属于吉姆所有。它对吉姆来说太合适了。她花去二十一美元买下了，匆匆赶回家，只剩下八角七分钱。金表很匹配这条链子，无论在任何场合，吉姆都可以毫无愧色地看时间了。
德拉回家之后，立即着手修补她的头发。不出四十分钟，她的头上布满了紧贴头皮的一绺绺小卷发，使她看上去活像个小女学生。她在镜子前照了很长时间。“假如吉姆看我一眼不把我宰掉的话，”她自言自语，“他一定会说我像个科尼岛上合唱队的卖唱姑娘。但是我能怎么办呢--唉！只有一元八角七分，我能干什么呢？”
为爱牺牲（2）
七点钟，她煮好咖啡，把煎锅置于热炉上，随时都可做晚餐。吉姆一贯准时回家。德拉将表链对叠握在手心，坐在离门最近的桌子角上。当她听见下面楼梯上响起了他的脚步声，她的脸上失去了片刻的血色。她习惯于为了最简单的日常事物而默默祈祷，此刻，她悄声道：“求求上帝，让他觉得我还是漂亮的吧。”
门开了，吉姆走进来并随手关上了门。他显得瘦削而又非常严肃。可怜的人儿，他才二十二岁，就挑起了家庭重担！他需要买件新大衣，连手套也没有呀。
吉姆站在屋里的门口边，两眼固定在德拉身上，其表情使她无法理解，令她毛骨悚然。既不是愤怒，也不是惊讶，又不是不满，更不是嫌恶，根本不是她所预料的任何一种神情。他仅仅是面带这种神情死死的盯着德拉。
德拉起身，向他走过去。“吉姆，亲爱的，”她喊道，“别那样盯着我。我把头发剪掉卖了，因为不送你一件礼物，我无法过圣诞节。头发会再长起来--你不会介意，是吗？我非这么做不可。我的头发长得快极了。说 ‘圣诞快乐’吧！吉姆，让我们快快乐乐的。你肯定猜不着我给你买了一件多么好的--多么美丽、精致的礼物啊！”
“你已经把头发剪掉了？”吉姆问道。“剪掉卖了，”德拉说。“不管怎么说，你不也同样喜欢我吗？没了头发，我还是我嘛，对吗？”吉姆四下望望这房间。“你说你的头发没有了吗？”他问道。“别找了，”德拉说“告诉你，我已经卖了--卖掉了，没有啦。这是圣诞前夜，好人儿。好好待我，这完全是由于对你的爱呀。我可以摆晚餐了吗，吉姆？”
吉姆好像醒了。他把德拉紧紧搂在怀里。吉姆从大衣口袋里掏出一个小包，扔在桌上。 “别对我产生误会，德拉”他说道，“无论剪发还是修面，我都以为世上没有什么东西能减少一点点我对妻子的爱情。如果我剃掉胡须，你会停止对我的爱吗？不会，但是你只消打开那包东西，就会明白刚才为什么使我愣头愣脑了。”
德拉解开绳子，打开纸包，紧接着是欣喜若狂的尖叫，然后突然大哭起来。因为摆在桌子上的梳子--全套梳子，那是德拉在百老汇的一个橱窗见过多次的梳子。这些美妙的发梳，纯玳瑁做的，边上镶着珠宝--其色彩正好同她失去的美发相匹配。她明白，这套梳子实在太昂贵，她曾梦想过据为己有。现在，这一切居然属于她了，可她的长发已无影无踪了。不过，她依然把发梳搂在胸前，过了好一阵子才抬起头，微笑着说：“我的头发长得飞快，吉姆！“
随后，德拉跳了起来，叫道，“喔！喔！吉姆还没有瞧见他的美丽的礼物哩。她急不可待地把手掌摊开，伸到他面前，那没有知觉的贵重金属似乎闪现着她的欢快和热忱。 “漂亮吗，吉姆？我搜遍了全城才找到它。把表给我，我要看看它配在表上的样子。’
吉姆非但不按她的吩咐行事，反而倒在睡椅上，两手枕在头下，微微发笑。“德拉，’他说，“让我们把圣诞礼物放在一边保存一会儿吧。它们实在太好了，目前尚不宜用。我卖掉金表，换钱为你买了发梳。现在，让我们忘掉这件事，吃晚饭，好吗？”
合作
我们经常被要求以组为单位进行工作。这是为什么？有必要同别人一起工作吗？你是否觉得自己单独工作更舒服？尤其在学校，有时我们感觉好像是为了团体活动而组织团体活动。但是，现实中，毕业以后，你会发现，在很多领域里几乎所有的工作都是如此完成的。学校生活只不过是为将来的工作做准备的。
团队就是一群在一起的个体，他们在一起是为了完成小队中任何一个成员都无法单独有效地完成的任务。小组可以是暂时的也可能是长久的。
我们大家都熟悉的是体育运动队。运动队是由一些队员组成的，他们通常的目标就是通力合作赢得比赛。不同的队员可能有不同的技术。尽管教练不算作队员，但是他的角色是讨论比赛策略，决定小组组合。只有当所有的组员合作的都好时，运动队才会做的很好。小组内的氛围影响整个队的表现。组内的关系很重要，组员们不一定都是朋友，但是另一方面，他们应该彼此尊重。让组员们感到他们中的每一个都作出了相同的贡献，并且他们相互帮助和支持是很重要的。
在运动队中，每个队员都有明确的责任，并且很少有队员对自己的责任迷惑或不确定的时候。队员们的责任被认可，并且与每项职责相关的期望和责任没有抵触。但是在学校为完成任务而组成队伍时，我们几乎意识不到这一点。
在学校以组进行活动为更好的学习合作提供了机会。小组活动使我们意识到了最适合于我们每个人的任务。实践也让我们学到与别人相处的经验。他告诉我们别人的职责如何适应整体的目标，并且它教会我们学会如何富有耐心和如何对待不同的人。
正如运动队一样，团队只有在全体成员相互尊重、相互帮助和支持的时候才能成功，而分工明确，每个成员就会在最适合于他或她的职位上发挥充分。但是工程队要求的不同于一支橄榄球队。
团队需要领导，需要出主意的人、完善主意的人和评价并且帮助改善计划的人。团队也需要识别问题和提出问题建议的人。在小队中，队员会依据个性兼顾责任。富有行动和想法的人经常给该队伍注入能量，而善于听和善于评价的人经常关注随之而来的程序。一些人善于评估，而其他人则擅长在激烈的讨论中协调争端和维护和平。
规章制度帮助团队正常运作，但是我们应该反对团体的官僚作风。在团队中我们也得考虑每个队员如何尽最大努力。一些队员能单独出色地完成任务，而其他人只有在团队中才能发挥最好。团队中任务的分配要靠队员的性格和能力进行。
在一个强有力的队中，不同性格的人合作融洽。实际上，他们的不同就是团队的强大力量所在。为了跟同学合作得最融洽，了解他们的优缺点是非常重要的。了解别人的缺点能帮我们避免使别人尴尬。
了解了别人的个性和能力，你就认识了这个人很多。缺乏对人与人之间处理问题的方法不同这一观点的认识就会导致在教室、车间和家里的误解、矛盾和精力的浪费。理解就意味着我们能在队员间建立起坚固友好的关系，并且充分发挥彼此的才能。
一个帮手
王林，一个跟他妻子、儿子生活在中国东部的木匠。两年前，被诊断得了肺结核。他身体越来越虚弱，胸口经常不断地疼痛。医生告诉他治疗需要花费上万元。可王先生是个下岗工人，他的妻子月收入仅300元。更糟糕的是，他还有个贷款上大学的儿子。这种情况似乎很令人绝望。
但是，三个月后，王林听说有一个保健项目能根据患者需要以半价、甚至更低的价格提供治疗。多亏了这个项目以及家人和邻居的好心，他及时得到了治疗，阻止了疾病对整个身体健康的破坏。现在他已经回到家，正在寻找一份工作。而且，他已决定为他的家人买保险。他说：“如果我早买了保险，这次疾病就不会引起这么大的麻烦。我不会让这种事情再发生在家里其他人身上。”
拯救王先生命的这个项目是许多旨在改善和提高中国特困人群生活状况项目中的一个。这个项目旨在鼓励保健改革，摆脱贫穷。它是全国最大的健康医疗资助项目，现正在四个城市被试点。到目前为止，这个项目已帮助多人得到医疗资助。中国政府也正在连同其他国家和国际组织一起工作，为低收入家庭提供方便接触医院和诊所的通道。其目标是为中国开发和发展新的保健模式。
王林的情况并不独特、罕见。到底，中国有两千二百万都市人口依赖政府资助过活。总计有一百五十一亿元被花在支持那些不能谋生的人身上。然而，这一补助仅够最基本的衣食需要，不包括保健、住房或教育。
对于一些贫困地区的下岗工人来说，疾病就是对他们的家庭施加额外的压力。当他们病了的时候，他们负担不起看医生和从药店买药的费用，甚至他们都不能保证他们的孩子有健康的饮食。如果某个人病得很严重，整个家庭就会被迫贫穷不堪。有统计数字表明，疾病导致超过百分之三十的低收入家庭生活在贫穷境地。有些家庭甚至不得不把从政府得到的补助全用到治疗和医院费用上。
在政府努力抗击贫穷的许多方面，保健占据很重要的位置。如果低收入家庭连医疗保险都买不起，就像王林一家，那么其他减少贫穷的措施将都不会成功。
政府的另外一项巨大挑战就是阻止艾滋病的蔓延。联合国艾滋病理事会警告，如果不采取更多的措施来阻止这种病的传播，中国受传染人的数量在之前将达到一千万。为了迎接这次挑战，中国政府已承诺为公众提供免费的艾滋病测试和为那些负担不起治疗费用的人提供免费的治疗。
有时候一个社会对其最弱成员的照顾程度被看作是评判此社会的标准。随着我们国家的发展，我们必须记住与财富和繁荣共同到来的责任。当我们国家的发展，我们必须保证没有人被落在后面。我们不能允许自己太自私。当问题出现的时候，我们必须要一起努力克服它。
政府对抗贫穷和改善人们保健的努力包括以下方面：减少贫穷、帮助有病的人得到适当的治疗以及为穷人提供医疗保险。资金有限，政府不可能满足所有需要，但是一系列项目及当地和全国性保健网络的发展表明政府对保健持认真态度
学习一门外语：需要两倍努力？
学习语言显然不仅仅是记住单词、短语和结构。当我们学习母语时，我们确实也没得到非常正式的指导。很少父母给他们的孩子上语言课！相反我们通过与我们周围的那些人进行交流来学习并掌握母语。但是通过这种交流怎么可能使我们学会全部语音、单词、语法规则和结构呢？并且，最让人不解的是，我们怎样才能领会我们听到的并且把“好”的语言和那些错误区分开来呢？
语言专家有不同的答案。有些专家认为我们有学习语言的特殊能力，而且我们的大脑会自动调节，去接受我们出生地的语言文化。还有人认为我们学习语言正如我们学习其他技能，例如走路、解决问题等，我们天生具有学习和适应的能力，而不是大脑中有学习语言的专门区域。不管他们的理论怎样，这些语言专家确实同意现实生活就是一所非常成功的语言学校：事实上每个人都学会了使用一种并且在5岁以前已经掌握学校使用一种语言的基础了。
学校一门外语不同于学习一个人的母语。外语学习通常在学校进行，很少有机会和讲这门语言的人进行交流。我们学习一门外语比我们学习我们的母语要快得多。对你来说这可能不真实--想到学习英语你已经花费的长时间的艰苦努力！一旦你更进一步考虑这种情况，你将意识到情况的确如此：当你学习你的母语时，你花费你所有不睡觉的时间来和周围的人进行交流；换句话说，你整日学习它！你这样学习了五年，那是相当长的时间。如果你花费一样的时间来学习英语，你将取得很大的进步。当我们学习一门外语时，我们也得到许多帮助。在学习过程中，有教科书、教师和同班同学来指导和帮助我们，并且我们能更多地了解学习方法和技能。那表明我们能够学得更好。
那么为什么一些人比其他人擅长学习外语呢？研究已经表明成功的语言学习者确实有相当多的特性。此外，数据表明成功的语言学习者的共同点就是他们明确自己的思想、对世界充满好奇、有冒险的愿望和对自己的能力充满信心。为了处理学术难题，成功的语言学习者也会使用不同的学习方法。
因为他们善于计划和评价他们的学习，所以成功的语言学习者能获得信心并且能轻松愉快地学习。随着对成功的渴望日益强烈，积极的学习者能更快地获得新技能并且更充分地利用他们所学的知识。因此，他们在阅读理解、词汇学习、写和说等领域做得较好。学习者越不紧张，越能放松自己，学习语言的效果越好。自信、有把握的学生往往是更成功的语言学习者。他们更愿意冒险并且把自己放在新的学习环境中。如果不是这样，他们将不愿做新的试验而犯错误，所有这些将有助于他们增强学习的能力。
学习的目的也是重要的。不是我们所有人都想要当翻译或者口译人员。大多数人学英语只是为了日常应用。与其他人相比较，一些人或许有更多的兴趣和更高的能力，但是那不意味着我们不能发现更好的方法。学习一种语言需要耐心。如果我们想要成为成功的语言学习者，我们应采用如上所述的一些学习习惯和特点。如果我们改进我们的学习技能，我们可能会发现学习一门外语不必付出学习我们母语双倍的努力，而实际上是双倍的容易并且有很多乐趣。
圣诞节颂歌（1）
e:bob, 你在那里做什么？
b:我在暖手，scrooge 先生。这里太冷了。
e:我每周付给你十五先令是让你来暖手的吗？
b:我快冻僵了，scrooge 先生。看窗子上的霜。我的手冻得不能写了。我甚至连自己写的东西都认不出来了。
e:太冷了不能写！鬼话！如果你努力工作，你就不会冷。穿上你的大衣，如果我再听到你说一句话，你将去一个真正冷的地方。
(bob想借蜡烛暖他的手)
b:对不起，scrooge先生，呃……明天是圣诞节。
e: 那又怎样？你明天该不是想要休假吧/
b:如果方便的话，先生。
e:不方便，而且也不公平。你一天不干活我还要付你一天的工钱。
b: 一年就一次圣诞节，scrooge先生。
e: 每年的12月2 5日从人家兜里往外掏钱，这是站不住脚的借口！好吧，那你就休假吧，但是你得保证第二天一大早就到办公室！噢，谁来了？是我的侄子fred.
(一个年轻人进来)
r:圣诞愉快，叔叔！上帝保佑你！
e:嗯！鬼话！
f:叔叔，圣诞节会是鬼话吗？我相信你不是那个意思！
e: 我就是这个意思。圣诞快乐！你凭什么快乐，你这么穷？
f: 那么，什么原因让你不快乐，你这么富有？
e: 嗯！鬼话！
f: 求你了，叔叔，这很不友好。
f: 侄子，你用你自己的方式庆祝圣诞节，我用我的方式庆祝它！
e: 庆祝它！但是你并没有庆祝它。
f:没有。我们先别谈这件事。但愿你会从中得到很多好处！
但是你必须承认迤今为止你还没有！看你有多穷！
f: 有很多事情我从中受益虽然并没有给我到来利润。圣诞节是一个好机会。这是这一年里唯一的好时机，人不再光想着自己，所有人都敞开心扉并且也替别人考虑。因此，虽然它从未把金子或者银子放在我的口袋内，但是我相信它已经对我有好处，而且将来也会。我说，上帝保佑它！来吧！明天与我们共进晚餐。
（bob鼓掌。）
e: 快停止你那愚蠢的掌声！让我从你那里听到另一种声音，你将通过失去工作来庆祝圣诞节!
(fred离开。一位绅士进来)
g：scrooge & marley事务所吧。您是scrooge还是marley先生？
e: scrooge只是个名字。我的合伙人在7年以前的这个晚上死了。
g：在这一年的节日里，在我们中许多人享受舒适与安逸的时候，scrooge先生，我们希望您能向受苦受难的穷人们敞开心扉。那么多人无法得到基本的生活需要；数以十万人需要基本的生存条件，先生。
e: 难道没有监狱吗？也没有联合劳工作坊吗？
g：监狱有的是，但是那里没有温暖。我们正筹款打算为穷人买一些肉和喝的东西，而且让他们住得暖和些。您希望做点贡献吗？
e:不，我不能使无所事事的人欢乐。监狱那样的地方花费像我这样的诚实纳税人的钱已经太多了，那些穷人应该去那里。
g：很多人不能去那里；很多人宁愿死也不去。
e: 那就去死吧，如果他们愿意。就个人来说，我不关心。这与我没有关系。我个人的事已经够忙的了。下午好，先生们！（他们全部离开。）好！都走了。
（scrooge入睡了。）
s:嗬，嗬，嗬！
e:坏蛋！bob，是你吗？是谁在那里？
s:咳！scrooge，我尊敬的先生。就咱们两个。
e:你是谁？你是干什么的？算了吧，该下班了。
s:事关你的幸福，我亲爱的scrooge！不要担心时间。我们有足够的时间。嗬，嗬，嗬！
e:骗子。我不相信圣诞老人。让我一个人呆着！
s:你一直都是一个人。还记得你的梦吗，scrooge？想想你的未来吧。
e:（惊恐的）你知道我的梦吗？
s:嗬，嗬，嗬。我太了解人的梦了，scrooge.过来，我要给你看看。
到西部去
1845年的春天，我父亲读了一本关于加利福尼亚的书。这篇关于落基山山脉以外的那片神奇土地的描述使他萌生了移居到那里的想法。不到半年之后，我们把所有的行李搬上马车，离开了我们的农场。决定带走什么和留下什么不是件容易的事情。到十月中旬，我们开始了一次跨越大陆的旅行--大约历时一年，历经2500多英里。和我们同路的还有很多其他家庭。大部分马车是由牛来拉的，但我们的是马。
我们旅行经过四个州后，决定先度过冬天再继续前行。到了春天，我们继续往西走。我们的第一个目的是堪萨斯州的印第安克里克，这里当时还是边疆地区。这是所以西行的人们碰面的地方。1846年4月12日是我们大家决定准备出发的日子。我们又和45辆马车一起出发了。
我们白天赶路。晚上，我们点燃篝火，让马车围在篝火的周围。我们穿过了位于这块大陆中心的山脉和沙漠，这是一次非常有挑战性的旅行。有时，再没有路的地方，我们不得不抬起或者拉着马车。穿过沙漠，我们来到了盐湖谷，对我们来说那是非常美丽的地方。我们沿着盐湖周围的路走了不久就来到了盐湖沙漠。1846年11月4日，我们进入了沙漠地区，但很快就迷路了。我们在没有水喝，动物没有草吃的情况下又走了大约90公里。我们称之为“长途跋涉”。土地干燥而贫瘠。地图上标明的水域结果是咸水塘，不能喝。我们无法驾着马车，只能在它们旁边走。大部分路程，我都要背着只有四岁的小儿子。牛群又累又饿。它们拖着腿，因为太疲劳而拖不动重物。因为严重缺水，它们的舌头伸在外面。但是，我们的水实在太少了，不敢分给它们喝。由于动物们实在拉不动马车了，我们只好焚调马车，把行李装在牛身上。现在我们需要再徒步行走500公里。
几个星期以来，我们已经习惯了看到马和牛，习惯了炎热、饥渴和饥肠辘辘的感觉。现在事情更加糟糕。绵延几英里，路的两旁到处都是动物的尸体和被遗弃的马车。其中还有凌乱的散落的链子、枪、工具、床、衣服和很多其他物品。主人已丢弃了一切，匆匆赶路，以保住性命。大家都急切地想到达安全地带，途中没有人停下来寻求帮助。事实上，当时的情景如此让人绝望，大部分情况下，没有人能够帮助其他人。每个人所能做的事情就是保住自己和动物的性命。我们称之为死亡谷。
我筋疲力尽，只得跪到地上，四肢着地，在沙上爬行。有个年轻人建议我和孩子们停下来，等待救助。我明白他的意思。我站起来说“不！我不会放弃！”我知道放弃便意味着沙漠里多出一个浅浅的小坟堆。
圣诞节的凌晨三点钟，我们到达了沙漠的边缘。牲畜们几乎都在奔跑。它们一定是嗅到了水的气息。不久，我们就来到了一条流水淙淙的小溪旁。当地的农民惊奇地瞪着我们。他们几乎无法相信眼前的景象：一群看起来像活骷髅一样的人们。我们看到满是肥壮牛马的山谷，以为来到了恩许之地。我们苦难的日子终于结束了！